Posts Tagged ‘baby’

Lead Paint Thomas Toys


28 Jul

lead paint thomas toys
Why can’t they just get things right???

There has been yet another recall of a childrens toy, this time it is Thomas the Tank Engine toys. My son has 2 of the recalled toys that have excess lead. Why can they just make the toys right, they should know that there is lead in the paint. This is not some cheap dollar store toy, they should have the technology and smarts NOT to use lead based paint. Do you agree?

yes i agree. are they trying to kill the children. not using lead is a pretty common sense thing. stupid cheep manufactures.

Black Women: Marriage is For Life


Melissa & Doug Car Carrier


Melissa & Doug Car Carrier


$10.61


Enhance pretend play fun with the Melissa and Doug Wooden Car Carrier! This adorable play vehicle comes loaded with 4 colorful cars. The upper ramp easily lowers for quick, dual-level loading. The trailer easily unhooks from the cab and re-attaches when its time to hit the road!…

Green Toys Tea Set


Green Toys Tea Set


$22.44


Teach your daughters to care for Mother Earth with this “green” make-believe tea set with four place settings. Includes 17 pieces: one pink teapot with purple lid, one purple sugar bowl and lid, one blue creamer, four blue teacups, four green saucers, and four yellow teaspoons. Made in the USA from recycled milk jugs….

Lead Poisoning Pregnancy


29 Jun

lead poisoning pregnancy
If you had lead posioning as a baby and all through through pregnancy will the baby have it as well?

I gotten lead poisoning as a young baby.Been living with it most of my life.Can my unborn child be born with lead poisoning? Also, it has done great damage to my education I’m three years behind in learning.wondering if it could come in contact with my unborn. I’ve aways been hyper as well til this day. Just a concerned mother to be.

yes it is very possible.
as antibodies are passed to your fetus then so do other harmful things like lead poisoning :(

therapy can fix it!

Migrant Workers vs. Authorities


Kids Healthworks Presents Baby's First Year Vol. 1:  Pregnancy and Preparing for Baby (Home Use)


Kids Healthworks Presents Baby’s First Year Vol. 1: Pregnancy and Preparing for Baby (Home Use)


$24.99


Offering the BEST in Parenting – Kids Healthworks presents: Baby’s First Year is an exciting, informative DVD series that provides information for each stage in the first critical year of your child’s life. Advice from renowned pediatric specialists, real-life stories from parents, plus helpful fun-facts and insights that help you grow with your child. This series was co-produced with Informatio…

Lead Babies: Breaking the Cycle of Learning Disabilities, Declining IQ, ADHD, Behavior Problems, and Autism


Lead Babies: Breaking the Cycle of Learning Disabilities, Declining IQ, ADHD, Behavior Problems, and Autism


$18.47


This groundbreaking study reveals the continuing danger that lead contamination presents to health—particularly in the earliest stages of life. Disclosure about the lead content in house paint, gasoline, canned food, and tap water revolutionized the manufacturing of those products a generation ago, but lead-based products are still produced and pose a health hazard as lead remains in the environ…

Lead Paint In Toys Recalls


12 Apr

lead paint in toys recalls
Who else thinks China has a secret plan?

Millions of toys being recalled because of lead paint and now toxins that metabolize into GHB found in toys- sounds like China is obviously either not realizing the effects of these chemicals on humans or they are trying to ruin our younger generations.
What can we do to control what toys are made with?
I’d rather pay more just to insure it’s been properly inspected and doesn’t contain harmful chemicals.

Don’t buy Chinese until they change

30 Something Democrats on Child Safety


3M LC-8S20C Lead Check Swabs


3M LC-8S20C Lead Check Swabs


$19.00


Easy to use, disposable swabs will work on any surface, instantly turning bright pink when lead is present. Each swab is ready to use. There are no hidden steps or lengthy procedures. The entire test procedure is so convenient that it can be performed anywhere in 30 seconds. LeadCheck swabs are odorless, disposable, and nonstaining. There’s even a test confirmation card to verify test results. EPA…

Fisher-Price Brilliant Basics Rock-a-Stack


Fisher-Price Brilliant Basics Rock-a-Stack


$6.48


For generations babies have delighted in this classic stacking toy. Consisting of five bright candy-colored rings in graduated sizes looped over an 8-inch-tall plastic post, the Rock-A-Stack helps babies develop coordination as they learn to stack the easy-to-grasp rings in the proper order. Little ones will have the time of their lives sorting, stacking, and tasting to see if the rings really tas…

Lead Paint Baby


28 Mar

lead paint baby
Volunteers/Donations Needed, 3/27
El Paso County Office of the Clerk and Recorder Volunteer positions are available in the four statutory departments, Elections, Recording, Motor Vehicle, and Clerk to the Board, and in Information Systems, at the El Paso County Office of the Clerk and Recorder.
Baby (Megamix!-OFFICIAL-)- Young Meze, Purple Paint, iLLMaTiCc & SleepyHead


Spode Christmas Tree Dinnerware


Spode Christmas Tree Dinnerware



Spode Christmas Tree was originally introduced in 1938, designed specifically for the American market. It is the oldest holiday pattern in the US today, and is loved by collectors for its nostalgia and warm recollections of past Christmases. The 12 piece set which includes 4 dinner plates 10 inches, 4 salad plates 8 inches and 4 mugs 9 ounces is a great way to start collecting Spode Christmas Tre…


LEAD TESTING KIT $29.99 | Lead Paint Test | Lead Detection 24 Pk.


LEAD TESTING KIT $29.99 | Lead Paint Test | Lead Detection 24 Pk.



LEAD TEST KITS for lead detection in TOYS, PAINT, WATER, SOIL, DISHES, JEWELRY, pottery, China, jewelry & other surfaces. Test up to 24 items!…

Hud Lead Paint Guidelines


06 Mar

Lead Paint Jewelry Recalls


31 Oct

lead paint jewelry recalls

Down The Rabbit Hole and Ito The Surreal World Of The American Political Class

If they were asked to take a hard and honest look at the problems facing this country in today’s world, it is easy for most people to identify the five or six overriding issues that deeply affect the most Americans. I would bet that the following issues would make most people’s top ten:

- Two ongoing wars in the Middle East.
- A continuing battle against terrorism.
- Our failing public education system.
- An ongoing battle against the plague of illegal drug usage.
- Escalating health care costs.
- Both Social Security and Medicare heading for insolvency.
- Skyrocketing national debt and deficit spending.
- High unemployment.
- The lack of a national and rational strategic energy plan.
- Illegal immigrants and the problems caused by the lack of a national border security capability.

Wherever you fall on each of these major issues (e.g. against the wars or for the wars, against legalization of drugs or against legalization, etc.), most sane people would agree that if we could focus and solve just this small handful of issues, the real world would be so much better.

However, when you listen to politicians speak, you sometimes wonder what world and reality they are dealing with and living in. Have they fallen down the proverbial rabbit hole from Alice In Wonderland to a world that is different from the ones most Americans inhabit everyday? Could it be that these major problems facing the nation listed above, the same ones that have not been solved by the political class for decades, have not been resolved because the political class lives in a different dimension than us? Consider the following events relative to the American political class that have recently popped out of the rabbit hole of politics:

1) A county politician in Wisconsin, running for a political office, opines in a public forum and on camera that Arizona is definitely not a border state with Mexico.. In all of the maps of the country I have seen throughout my life, Arizona is shown to have a very long common border with Mexico. In this Wisconsin politician’s world, that is not the case, making it tough to solve the illegal immigration problem when we are looking at totally different maps.

2) When the Democrats took over both houses of Congress in 2006, the Speaker of The House, Nancy Pelosi, proclaimed that the Democrats would reign in the outrageous deficit spending habits of the Bush administration and the Republican Congress. She vowed that there would be no new Federal government spending unless other areas of the Federal budget were reduced in order to pay for the new government spending, her highly touted “pay as you go” approach to curtailing the size of government. She proudly proclaimed on her website: “While the President’s (Bush) budgets have turned surpluses into deficits, the Democrats’ budget takes America in a new direction, returning fiscal responsibility to Washington and the right priorities for our nation.” Given the fact that Federal government spending has grown significantly and budget deficits have skyrocketed (tripled) since this Democratic Party Congressional takeover and into the first two budgets of the Obama administration, it is apparent that Nancy Pelosi exists in a different universe from us. Most of us would agree that fiscal responsibility does NOT mean tripling the size of the deficit within four short years as it does in Pelosi’s mind. However, we would agree with her assertion that the Democrats’ budget is taking us in a new direction, the fast track to national bankruptcy.

3) Let’s stay with Pelosi for another trip down the rabbit hole because her world is so fascinating and different than ours. The Speaker recently announced that high unemployment is good, and that, in fact, high unemployment is one of the best ways to create jobs. You cannot make this stuff up, check out her press conference on YouTube where she seriously made this claim. Thus, in her world, the more people that are unemployed, the more jobs are created for those in need of a job. In her world, if we can get to 100% unemployment, everyone might have a job created as a result. Obviously, economic theory is different where she exists.

4) In Georgia Congressman Hank Johnson’s world, physical laws of nature are suspended. In a recent Congressional hearing, the Congressman expressed his worry that the U.S. island of Guam might tip over in the ocean. Again, you cannot make this stuff up, check the YouTube video of the hearing.

5) The Associated Press reported on July 15, 2010 that Federal prosecutions of illegal immigrants jumped to new high levels in the spring as the “Obama administration continued an aggressive enforcement strategy championed under President George W. Bush.” Apparently, in our world, 4,145 cases were referred to Federal prosecutors in March and April. This was the highest number of cases for any two month stretch in the past five years. The article also reported that deportations have also climbed significantly, from 185,944 in 2007 to 387,790 in 2009. So let me get this right: the Federal government is prosecuting and deporting more illegal aliens than ever but has the chutzpah to turn around and sue the state of Arizona for trying to reign in the same large wave of illegal immigrants coming into its state from Mexico? Seems kind of contradictory, at least in our world of reason. Apparently, it makes perfectly good sense in Washington, send home illegal immigrants with one hand and slap the state of Arizona with the other hand for doing the same thing.

6) On July 13, 2010, the Associated Press reported that over 100,000 pieces of children’s jewelry had to be recalled from retail shelves because the jewelry contained high levels of cadmium, a dangerous heavy metal if ingested. That’s the good news. the bad news is that in the world of government safety regulation (e.g. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission), one does not learn from past mistakes. Several years ago, U.S. government safety organizations failed to realize that there were many, many children’s toys being sold in this country that had high levels of lead, another substance that can cause severe damage to a child if ingested. After that recall, it turns out that the same manufacturers replaced lead with cadmium, resulting in another recall earlier this year, a recall that included millions and millions of products. One would have hope that after the lead scare, the safety organizations would have been more on alert about similar type products. No such luck. After we got through the first cadmium scare, we now have another one. In the product safety dimension, learning does not happen, disasters just repeat over and over again.

7) In the surreal world of the American political class, all Republicans are vehemently against homosexuals and Democrats are the only advocates for the gay way of life. However, in our reality, this is not the case. An Associated Press report from July 13, 2010, reported that a Republican gay rights group, Log Cabin Republicans, is suing the administration in Federal court over the refusal of the Obama administration to repeal the “don’t ask, don’t tell” military doctrine on gays serving in the armed forces. This will set up the surreal situation where a Democratic administration will be using taxpayer funds to defend a policy, a policy it also wants to see repealed, against a group that is traditionally been painted as anti-gay. Got that, makes no sense to me either.

8) And finally, lets leave this post with some Orwellian and otherworldly snippets from President Obama. George Orwell in his novel, 1984, was very precise when he showed how by manipulating how you say things, e.g. war is peace, freedom is slavery, etc., you can make the unreal become real. In President Obama’s world, getting our military out of Iraq means staying in Iraq, closing the Guantanamo Bay prison means leaving it open, not hiring lobbyists to serve in his administration means hiring lobbyists to serve in his administration, significantly reducing earmarks means increasing earmarks, being fully engaged in helping the Gulf Coast residents survive the BP oil spill means taking two vacations, playing seven rounds of golf, participating in several athletic photo ops with various teams, and taking at least two trips to California to campaign for other Democrats, and not raising taxes for anyone earning under $250,000 a year means raising the taxes for those same people’s kids and grandkids by allowing unprecedented government spending and national debt increases, increases that every American, present and future, will eventually have to pay.

The sad thing is that the political class lives in their own world, a world where the pay is very good, the benefits are great, you can almost never get fired since you have rigged the election process, and you don’t have to care what your constituents think and the issues they face. You also do not have to solve real problems like the war on drugs, failing public education, wide open borders, etc. even though these problems have plagued the nation for decades. That is why imposing term limits on all Federally elected politicians is becoming more and more critical, forcing them out of their worlds and other dimensions after one term, hopefully replaced by regular people that are grounded in this world and the major issues listed above. It is time to bury the rabbit hole once a fall all, stop wasting taxes and start tackling real issues and problems.

About the Author

Our new book, “Love My Country, Loathe My Government – Fifty First Steps To Restoring Our Freedom and Destroying The American Political Class” is now available at www.loathemygovernment.com and online at Amazon and Barnes & Noble. Our daily dialog on freedom in America can be followed at www.loathemygovernment.blogspot.com.


Fisher-Price Brilliant Basics Rock-a-Stack


Fisher-Price Brilliant Basics Rock-a-Stack


$6.48


Some things never go out of style. A rainbow of five rings fits over a cone with rocking base. Stacking toys help baby develop fine motor skills while encouraging cognitive abilities. Made of teethable material….

Lead Paint Hud Guidelines


01 Sep

County receives a large weapon in the fight against lead in the homes of Benton Harbor – is potentially lurking in the 80 percent of households in Berrien County.

Lead Paint Exposure Pregnancy


24 Aug

lead paint exposure pregnancy
autism and exposure to lead paint while pregnant mother / like a child three years?

Someone research cuurent has been at this? A friend living when the child conceived during pregnancy with the child `s third year is lead paint on window sills of the house and many other fields `s. lead pipe before the court following the withdrawal of the pipe, 6 inches of soil is replaced.

There is some evidence there, including three abstracts for journal articles, you can find more if you www.pubmed.org (A great place to be scientifically validated autism in general, well!). Note: The most recent article was in 1996, it appears that this is not a cause very involved in autism, but of course, given the hereogeniety disease, all the causes and effects are different! TD Eppright Sanfacon JA, Horwitz EA., 1996 This case is about a 4 1/2-year-old boy with autism Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and high blood levels of 42 mcg / dl. The child was treated for lead poisoning with chelating agent succimer. Parents reported a decrease in repetitive behaviors while succimer in a regression of the above symptoms when treatment was modified. It also shows a decrease in hyperactive behavior during treatment with succimer. This article explores the interaction and possible casual relationship elevated lead levels in the blood, autism and ADHD and treatment of behavioral symptoms. Shannon M, Graef JW., 1996 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the observation that children with pervasive developmental disorders have a longer lead exposure and later and are more likely to be sterile in comparison to lead-poisoned children without pervasive developmental disorders. DESIGN: Retrospective review records. BACKGROUND: A large urban program lead processing. RESULTS: During a period of six years to 17 children with pervasive developmental disorders (including autism) has been the Treaty. Compared with a randomly selected group of 30 children with pervasive developmental disorders who were treated for lead poisoning in the interval Tue, those with general developmental delay were significantly higher at diagnosis (46.5 vs. 30.3 months, p = 0.03) and had a longer period over elevated lead levels in blood (39.1 against 14.1 months, p = 0.013) in management. Despite close monitoring by the Inspectorate of State for Environment and calls for lead hazard reduction or alternative housing, 75% of children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders are returned to lead during medical care, compared with 23% of children without ASD development (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: 1) Lead poisoning in children with pervasive developmental disorders may occur de novo beyond the third year of life and is associated with a high rate of recapitulation, 2) the provision of housing deleaded (with current techniques) may not be sufficient to protect children from repeated exposure to lead, 3) support the recommendations given by the Centers for Disease Control that children with developmental delays will monitor the incidence of lead poisoning. This monitoring should continue beyond the third year of life. Autism and lead poisoning. A possible association. Accardo P, Whitman B, Caul J, Rolfe U. Six cases of children of black urban center with both autism and lead poisoning are reviewed. In three cases, deviation development seems to have been present before the possible impact of lead toxicity. In both cases, lead poisoning may have contributed to the emergence or acceleration of the symptoms of development. In one case, the timing remains unclear. possible modes of interaction and implications for clinical practice discussed. Hope that helps! Remember both, however, that the poisoning, if appropriate, will certainly not be the sole cause of autism, because there are a large number of children lead poisoning that are not developed developmental disabilities. It can be genetic or prenatal hormonal factors, more than any other largely uncontrollable things … I do not know anything about the story of your friend if the child (or if you are just nervous about the risk of autism), but parents often blame themselves or the environment when a case of regressive autism strike, but tests showed that the onset of autism varies considerably among children, and is the only one regression of varaibles …

twilight toretts and my fear of babies

Lead Paint And Pregnancy


12 Jul

Although the work has a full team of security and legal staff to look after you. But in his home workshop, you must assume responsibility for their safety workplace clean.

  1. Keep work area clean. Many of the crowded shops of origin because of its multiple uses of space. It's too easy to keep things stored in the active areas of work. Standing in his SUV third seat is not the appropriate place to use your mill.
  2. Keep flammable and combustible materials away from activities that produce sparks. Before using the mill, look to see what is stored in May to respond to a spark. The same with welding or cut. Fund your welding table is not a good place to store the gas can.
  3. Paint and glass can be damaged by sparks from a grinder to maintain these away in the form of sparks and equipment. This saves the trauma of his anger when it appears that the specifications the back window of his jeep, after working in his trailer.
  4. Wear safety glasses when using shield for grinding or cutting tools. You must be its director of security at home. And you can growl behind him having to use these silly glasses, but better than this trip to the emergency room for a sliver of metal removed.
  5. Support their work properly. After autumn commands while working on it is not only annoying but can cause painful wounds. And if it falls on you, you could be the last thing to work. Why work on it if unable to enjoy later.
  6. Control of space. Beware Family, animals or visiting religious workers could enter the area. Even if you has taken steps to keep secure, additions can create unexpected risks that you expected. The control of the area or prepare for unexpected guests.
  7. Check your attitude. Do not work on something when you are angry or upset. Take time to control their emotions before starting any work. If this is a job that does not want not, find a way to see the situation differently. Be glad that they are able to do so instead of having to hire someone else. It only works when you are relaxed and in control of your thoughts and emotions.
  8. Do not use chemicals to help control emotions. And beware the effect of the chemicals you work such as solvents and welding fumes. If you use alcohol or other chemicals to relax, find an activity different from living under the influence of chemistry. What beautiful stories about not drinking the stuff in the garage to be someone else.
  9. Plan your project thoroughly as possible before starting. Sure that their tools are to the altitude before starting work. Do not pull the latch of the last transmission, then find the plug does not work.
  10. Visualize yourself doing the job safely and completely before beginning. Staying healthy and safe starts and ends in your mind. If you think it might work injuries is not start until you can imagine the performance of the task with the possibility of injury. Take precautions, you should fill the screen.

Stay safe and enjoy your home workshop.

Mike Strawbridge is the owner of Straw Solutions Performance improvement consulting. http://www.mikestrawbridge.com

For more workplace safety training, tips and information see: http://mikestrawbridge.com/workplace-safety-training.shtml

{Battlefield} A Jemi & Nelena Pregnancy Story (Episode 9) STORY IN DESCRIPTION!!!

Recalled Lead Paint Toys


06 Apr

recalled lead paint toys

Why wooden toys are better than plastic toys for children

Wooden toys are plastic bettors? To address this question is necessary to define "best." I must admit being biased in favor of wood, so I was wondering why not.

When it comes to their children, nothing is too good for them, but some things are indeed too good to be true. These days, literally, over 99 percent sale of toys their children are plastic and metal. natural wooden toys are almost nonexistent. It is sad reality. They are an important part of our heritage and our culture, and it is very likely to be safer than plastic toys.

How many times have we said that a plastic or painted toy is safe, just to see where he reiterated that has lead paint or plastic is dangerous for a number of other reasons? This is particularly true for very young children and babies. These little while they will play in his mouth, and plastics, painted and metal toys are probably not high on the list of things you want in your baby's mouth.

If you look at the environment and the best destination for many toys (contained high), then the wood is not doubt the best material. If we think of strength and resistance to treatment of the material the toys are the owners hands, the two materials can work well, according to toys.

When it comes to plastic toys and wooden toys there is no possibility that plastic toys can be buy. However, consumers do not seem to consider buying a wooden toy for your child instead. In a way, it would be worth achieving.

Consider, for some differences between the two. Plastic toys: they can break easily and the edges could harm the children. Toys Wood, however, are more durable. If you were standing on a plastic toy truck, there is a strong possibility of breakage, perhaps leaving sharp edges that could cut his son, and fit for the trash.

Wooden toys, secondly to encourage your children to use their creativity, where the toys themselves or play with them. simple activities, such as cookies for your own toy kitchen, or riding a wooden horse of Arabia and so on, to stimulate children's creativity and visualization.

You probably wonder why parents choose to give their children the kind of common wooden toys instead of plastic toys commonly produced cheaper in China. Many believe that plastic toys are more appropriate for wooden toys by cost factors. Though plastic toys are cheaper compared to wooden toys, long-term consideration shows that the old is better.

Wood is a natural material that can be recycled. This means that apart from providing entertainment for your child, you can proactively help prevent further deterioration of the environment. Also, children seem to be more attached to play with wooden toys.

The game is part essential children's learning and emotional development. Wooden toys are a good choice for very young children. wooden toys and children's toys farm animal sets for infants and mini dolls house for girls and boys. Many wooden toys are also educational toys for young children as puzzles, building blocks, and more.

Wooden toys are also more durable than their plastic or metal. Thus, with proper care, it is possible to make these toys for children most recent of a child and perhaps even to call their children.

How are wooden toys invented? Wooden toys are invented because wood is the only material available which can make simple tools toys. Sad to say, is difficult to find wooden toys in toy stores these days.

Toy Store Online offers a wide variety of wooden toys to choose from. And sometimes it's easier to find what you want because modern toy stores these days sell the majority of plastic toys.

Have you ever seen a child in a room full of the latest toys and found that the child is playing with toys for children shaped wooden have been a great success when you were young? What Does this show that is so comforting? Is it because kids wooden toy makes us feel nostalgic or is there something more at stake here? In our world of disposable plastic products is comforting to see lasting durable goods. It is particularly gratifying to see that the assets concerned worthy enough to be transmitted from generation to generation. The latest gadget in the latest toy has not made traditional wooden toys, less desirable for children or even adults for that matter.

wooden toys for children are toys that are made with a natural product against a product such as plastic that is something we try to recycle, but nonetheless, a product that costs less to produce new ones to recycle. If toy Wood is a child from a sustainable forest is even better because it's really helping our environment problems. So one of the reasons why they feel best wood to plastic. Also there are many emotional reasons why the wooden toys are feeling better.

To play and explore is often considered one of the most important aspects of most educational programs that help the child develop different skills. Let your children play with wooden toys encourage learning certainly playing and exploring. Additionally, you can even buy wooden toys and games designed specifically to educate children.

Plastic toys come in all shapes and sizes so necessarily a lot of toys with bright colors that attract the attention of your child, regardless of age. They are durable, washable and very generally safe, but as with all his toys are safety checks to monitor toy when you buy the perfect toy for your child.

The most important test of the safety of toys for all the toys, including plastic toys, which have the appropriate safety marks. Although CE marking not really a symbol of consumption, this means that the toy you are looking for safety tests have been passed rigorous and consistent with a list of essential requirements security. If all the plastic toys that do not plan to buy the CE, which should be avoided because it can not be sure it is safe for your child to play.

About the Author

The Best Toys R Us retail Free Wooden Toy Plans, Children Wooden Swing Sets & Toys, Wood Toy Box Chest, Dollhouses, Rocking Horses, Play Kitchen, Airplanes, Trucks. For the Best Top 10 Selling Toys, Characters & Games, Ben Ten, Transformer, Terminator 2, Toy Story, Bakugan, Japanese Bandai Toy & 6” Godzilla 2000 Action Figures.

CPSIA- GOODWILL removes KIDS’ CLOTHES TOYS BOOKS PRE-1985! KPTM FOX42 Omaha 02-09-09

Lead Paint Thomas The Tank


24 Mar

lead paint thomas the tank
america should be weary of china?

Look, first of all I am no military strategist. But I am no fool either to realize over the past 30 years, (im only 28) what china has accomplished in the world of economics and poisioning everyones pets! We need to hold our government accountable for being trade partners with a communist regime who do not believe in human rights and the sounds of G-UNIT. These jokers surfaced a submarine 500 yards away from our beloved USS KITTY HAWK last year and they keep “mooning” us in the face with poisoning Lassie, putting lead paint on my childs “Thomas the Tank Engine” and putting nothing but absolute crap in wal-mart. Our government seems to stand for hypocracy. We won’t have a thing to do with Cuba and the beautiful antique cars they have over there but we have our heads so far up china’s arse that the smell of their (you know) is irrelevent to our senses. Should the american people boycott china?

1) I don’t like Americans in general.
2) Boycotting everything that is imported from china to the US will send the US into even more debt, sounds silly, but all the little things used are made in china.
3) Yes, China may have nasties, but China’s government CAN control it’s society, e.g. make their population dislike any particular nation. It seems absurd and it is bully, but there is no way to control this because they govern media and internet. The two ONLY way for china’s population to see other nations.
4) with that’s mentioned above, China has the upper hand because their society is more scrutinized.
5) should America be weary of china? The world should be weary of china, it’s economic boom was predicted, and it has exceeded expectation.
6) It’s quite a stubborn question, ‘should AMERICA be weary of china? rather than should the world?
7) I don’t like America.
8) i’m only 17
9) America has a lot of beloved military vessels.
10) it’s amazing how you call the products crap, they wouldn’t be in wal-mart in the first place if no one buys them.
11) I dont see how Cuba is involved in the argument.
12) I have been to America, and i find the population in general as sturbborn and narrow minded, I do understand why you’re upset about China’s Practices. but different nations are ran different.
13) I still remember when one of your citizen was caught grafting in Singapore. There was an outage from your country because he was sentenced to 10 Lashings. From then The US media ran a segment criticizing it’s law on Chewing-gum Ban.
14) I live in Australia. Bag it out as much as you want. I don’t give a toss.
15) your government is being trade partners with china because of Money. why else?
17) Every man for himself in this day and age.

CJ’s Thomas the Tank Commercial


Wooden FedEx Truck, Federal Express Package Delivery Vehicle, Made in USA No Lead Paint


Wooden FedEx Truck, Federal Express Package Delivery Vehicle, Made in USA No Lead Paint



This Fedex Truck is proudly handcrafted in America from solid birch hardwoods. Its rugged construction and heirloom quality promises many years of play. All Whittle Shortline vehicles are hand crafted and hand painted in the USA with non-toxic, lead free paint, and are ThomasTM and Brio® compatible. Overall size is 3 3/8″ Long, 2″ High, and 1 5/16″ Wide. BrioTM and ThomasTM are registered tradema…

Lead Poisoning And Pregnancy


04 Feb

lead poisoning and pregnancy
this is a really important question for me.. anyone can answer.. doctors in here i hope.?

Ok. well.. my fiance and i are trying to conceive.. and much time has passed and still no pregnancy.. we have been trying to conceive for at least 8-9 months..

I was reading someones question on here about lead poisoning.. well as a child (from when i was born all the way until i was like 14 years old i had lead poisoning. very bad. i was like the highest case in all indiana and around it. it was BAD. well now i am fine. like i am pretty sure i have it still, but very little..

i am very worried that lead poisoning may be the reason of my hard time trying to conceive, only because i was reading a lot of stuff online about how having lead poisoning could later on give you fertility problems.
could this be the reason for my hard time conceiving?
could it have anything to do with it?
i really need some answers. and hopefully i can get some professional answers from maybe doctors.. but if anyone knows anything that would be helpful also..

some time it just takes a awhile it toke me 11 months after a m/c to concieve try doing differnt positions like from behind .i dont think the lead posining will have any thing to do with it

Insidermedicine in 60 – August 16, 2007


Kids Healthworks Presents Baby's First Year Vol. 1:  Pregnancy and Preparing for Baby (Home Use)


Kids Healthworks Presents Baby’s First Year Vol. 1: Pregnancy and Preparing for Baby (Home Use)


$24.99


Offering the BEST in Parenting – Kids Healthworks presents: Baby’s First Year is an exciting, informative DVD series that provides information for each stage in the first critical year of your child’s life. Advice from renowned pediatric specialists, real-life stories from parents, plus helpful fun-facts and insights that help you grow with your child. This series was co-produced with Informatio…

Lead Babies: Breaking the Cycle of Learning Disabilities, Declining IQ, ADHD, Behavior Problems, and Autism


Lead Babies: Breaking the Cycle of Learning Disabilities, Declining IQ, ADHD, Behavior Problems, and Autism


$18.47


This groundbreaking study reveals the continuing danger that lead contamination presents to health—particularly in the earliest stages of life. Disclosure about the lead content in house paint, gasoline, canned food, and tap water revolutionized the manufacturing of those products a generation ago, but lead-based products are still produced and pose a health hazard as lead remains in the environ…

Lead Paint Infant Health


14 Dec

lead paint infant health

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Sudden Infant Death Syndrom

* What is SIDS?
* Cigarette Smoke is linked to SIDS
* Safe Sleeping
* Safe Places to Sleep
* Safe Bedding
* Sleep Dangers
* Common Questions

What is SIDS?
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), formerly known as ‘cot death’, refers to the sudden unexpected death of a baby from no known cause. I have put together this fact sheet on SIDS to help prevent other families experiencing the grief my family did, when I lost my brother to SIDS. The number of babies dying of SIDS is dropping and this is due to the SIDS researchers all over the world educating parents and carers to always place a baby on her back to sleep with her face and head uncovered and keeping her in a smoke free environment. To give you an example of the help the education is doing the Australian Bureau of Statistics shows that 500 babies died of SIDS in 1989 and in 2003 the number had reduced to 73 babies. So please read the information given in this fact sheet and let’s help the number decrease even further.

SIDS is the most common cause of death in babies between one month and one year of age but the majority of babies who die of SIDS are under six months of age. More babies die of SIDS in winter than summer. To this day, the cause of SIDS remains unknown and there is no way of predicting which babies it will affect. However, what has been discovered is that some factors are thought to reduce the risk of SIDS. Since parents were first made aware of these factors through the various educational programs introduced by SIDS researchers, SIDS deaths have dropped and continue to drop.

Babies and young children spend a lot of their time sleeping, so you need to be aware that some sleeping arrangements are not safe and can increase the risk of SIDS or cause fatal sleeping accidents. Research has found some important ways to reduce the risk of SIDS and create a safe sleeping environment for babies and young children. This fact sheet provides you with information to help you create such an environment for your baby or child.
Cigarette Smoke is linked to SIDS
Cigarette smoke harms babies before and after they are born. Parents who smoke during pregnancy and after the birth of their baby increase the risk of SIDS for their baby. In fact, if a mother smokes then the risk of SIDS doubles, and if the father smokes too it doubles again. There is still an increased risk of SIDS if parents smoke outside, away from the baby, and if smoking parents co-sleep with their babies the risk of SIDS is increased again. The reasons for this are not clear. However, we do know that being a non-smoker or smoking less will reduce the risk for your baby. Try not to let anyone smoke near your baby and try not to let anyone smoke in your house, your car or anywhere else your baby spends time.

If you want to quit smoking and you’re not finding it easy, ask for help. Call the local Quitline or ask your doctor, midwife or child health nurse for information and advice.
Safe Sleeping
Sleeping a baby on her back reduces the risk of SIDS. The chance of babies dying of SIDS is greater if they sleep on their tummies or sides. Healthy babies placed to sleep on their backs are also less likely to choke if they vomit than babies placed on their tummies to sleep.

Babysitters, nannies, staff at day care centres and other people who care for your baby may not know that tummy- and side-sleeping increase the risk of SIDS. Explain this to them before you leave your baby in their care.

Older babies who can turn over and move around the cot should be put to bed on their backs but then let them find their own sleeping position. The risk of SIDS in babies over six months is extremely low but still there so please keep practicing safe sleeping habits.

Make sure your baby’s face and head stay uncovered while your baby is sleeping. A good way to ensure this is to put your baby’s feet at the bottom of the cot so that she can’t slip down underneath the bedclothes. Tuck in bedclothes securely so they can’t become loose. Never put quilts, doonas, duvets, pillows, lambskins or cot bumpers in a cot or under the sheet covering the mattress. All these are thought to increase the risk of SIDS. You might decide to use a safe sleeping bag to help keep your baby’s bedding in place but these should be used with bedding and not as an alternative to bedding. (To read more about this please read my safe bedding guide) If you do, use a safe sleeping bag make sure it has a fitted neck and arm-holes like the ones I recommend.

Taking a baby into an adult bed may be unsafe as the baby could get caught under the adult bedding or pillows. The baby could also get trapped between the bed and the wall, or fall out of the bed, or an adult could roll onto the baby if they are sleeping very deeply or have taken any drugs or alcohol.

Tips:

* Make sure your baby’s head remains uncovered during sleep.
* Do not put your baby to sleep on a waterbed or beanbag.
* Tummy play is safe and good for babies when they are awake and an adult is present, but never put your baby on her tummy to sleep.
* Put your baby on her back to sleep.
* Use a firm, clean, well-fitting mattress. That passes the safe hand test. Place you hand on the mattress and press down firmly. If you remove your hand and you can see its imprint then this mattress is not safe for a baby to sleep on.
* Tuck in your baby’s bedclothes securely.

Safe Places to Sleep
Cots
Every country has their own standards for baby products and cots so please look into what they are in your country before you purchase a cot. All new and secondhand cots sold in Australia must meet the Australian/ New Zealand Standard for cots (AS/NZ 2172) and will carry a label to say so. If you cannot find the label, do not risk buying the cot.

Read my advice on purchasing a safe cot.

If you are using an old or secondhand cot in particular, check for the following problems:

* Wobbly or broken parts that make the cot less stable.
* Bars a toddler or baby could get caught between (shouldn’t be less than 50 mm or more than 85 mm).
* Knobs, corner posts or exposed bolts that could hook onto a toddler’s or baby’s clothing, especially around the neck.
* Too much space (more than 25 mm) between mattress and cot edge.
* Sides that are too low and can be climbed over by active little toddlers.
* Sharp catches or holes in the wood that can hurt curious fingers.
* Old paint that might contain poisonous lead.

Babies can become trapped in a tilted rocking cot or cradle. If you have a rocking cradle or cot with a locking pin, make sure you secure the pin firmly in place whenever you leave your baby and check to make sure the cradle cannot move in your absence.
Portable Travel Cots
These are sometimes called portacots. Always use the firm mattress that is supplied with the cot and don’t add additional padding under or over the mattress as your baby may become trapped face-down in the gaps created between the mattress and the cot wall. Also adding padded fitted sheets or foam mattresses normally results in the mattress failing the safe hand test. Also please avoid inflatable cot mattresses because the mattress might pass the test initially but fail later in the night. There is a separate standard that is used for all portable cots and all cots that reach this standard will carry a label to say so.
Sleeping dangers
The following are dangerous things to look out for and avoid wherever your toddler or baby sleeps – both during the night and for any daytime sleep or naps. Check both your own home and anywhere else your child is cared for, including day care, childcare centres and the homes of family and friends.
Safe Bedding
An unsupervised adult bed may be unsafe for babies or toddlers because they could get caught under bedding or pillows, become trapped between the wall and the bed or fall out. The risk of accident is increased if you leave the baby or toddler alone on an adult bed or bunk bed.

Never put your baby or toddler in a soft place to sleep because her face may become covered. If you fall asleep with your baby while on a couch or sofa, there is a very high risk of a sleeping accident. Babies don’t need pillows, cushions or tri-pillows as they are too soft and can cover baby’s face. Don’t ever put your baby or toddler on a waterbed or beanbag.
Dangling cords or string
Keep your baby’s cot away from any cords hanging from blinds, curtains or electrical appliances because they could get caught around your baby’s neck. You will also need to keep hanging mobiles out of the reach of your baby’s curious little hands and mouths.
Heaters and electrical appliances
Keep heaters or any electrical appliances well away from the cot to avoid the risk of overheating, burns and electrocution. Don’t use electric blankets, hot-water bottles or wheat bags for babies or young children. Remember that your toddler or baby cannot escape from a bed or cot to cool down and does not know how to remove bedclothes.

A baby that becomes too hot or cold is at an increased risk of SIDS.
Common Questions

1. Is it safe to put my newborn baby on his back to sleep and what happens if he vomits?

Yes, healthy newborn babies can be safely placed on the back to sleep. Healthy babies sleeping on the back are less likely to choke on vomit than tummy sleeping infants. Some babies, with rare medical conditions, might have to sleep on the side or the tummy. If you are unsure about the best way to sleep your baby, speak with your doctor or nurse.

Is it safe to put my newborn baby on his back to sleep?
What happens if he vomits? Yes, healthy newborn babies can be safely placed on the back to sleep. Healthy babies sleeping on their back are less likely to choke on vomit than tummy-sleeping infants. Some babies with rare medical conditions might have to sleep on the side or the tummy.

Can babies be put on the tummy to play?
Yes, tummy play is safe and very good for babies when they are awake and an adult is present. Tummy play helps muscle development in the arms, neck and back and prepares babies for crawling.

Is side-sleeping safe?
Side-sleeping can increase the risk of SIDS, possibly because a young baby can roll onto her tummy from her side. A baby sleeping on her back cannot roll onto her tummy until about five or six months of age, when most of the risk for SIDS has passed.

Will formula-feeding increase the risk of SIDS?
There is no consistent evidence that bottle-feeding increases the risk of SIDS or that breastfeeding reduces the risk.

If I sleep my baby in the same room as me will it reduce the risk of SIDS?
Research in New Zealand and the United Kingdom indicates that sleeping a baby in the same room, but not in the same bed, as the parents in the first six to twelve months of life may be protective. This is thought to be because parents can easily see the baby and check she is safe. This protective effect does not transfer if a baby sleeps in a room with other children, probably because children do not know if an infant is safe or not.

Is it okay to fall asleep on the couch with my baby?
Some research into SIDS has shown that an adult sleeping on a couch with a baby can be dangerous because the baby may accidentally become wedged between cushions or the back of the sofa. Put your baby into her own bed before you doze off if you feel yourself getting sleepy.

Will bed-sharing increase the risk of SIDS?
Bed-sharing does not appear to increase the risk of SIDS for any of the following groups:

* When you bed-share to feed and cuddle your baby then put her back in her cot.
* When the baby is older than four months.
* If you and your partner are non-smokers.

If you or your partner smokes, sleeping with your baby in the first four months may increase the risk of SIDS. Particular circumstances that may increase the risk for all parents include when you or your partner have consumed alcohol or have taken drugs, which make you sleep more heavily.

If you sleep with your baby, make sure the bedding cannot cover her head and keep her away from the pillows. Use lightweight blankets rather than doonas or duvets and place your baby in a position where there is no risk of her falling out of the bed or becoming wedged in.

I am not sure what to dress my baby in at bedtime. What do you suggest?
A useful guide is to dress baby as you would dress yourself – to be comfortably warm, not hot. Conversely, some parents underdress their baby, worrying she will get too hot. Babies mainly keep themselves cool through their head, in particular their face, so make sure baby’s face and head remains uncovered and she will stay comfortably warm.

Remove hats or bonnets from a baby as soon as you come indoors or enter a warm car, bus or train, even if it means waking your baby up. Babies regulate their temperature through their head.

How should we sleep our baby?
Current research suggests that if your baby becomes either too hot or too cold, the risk of SIDS is increased. To prevent this I have put together a safe bedding guide for you. Clink here to read more about the safe bedding guide .

Does dummy use reduce the risk of SIDS?
Some research indicates an apparent decrease in the incidence of SIDS with dummy use, however the evidence is not overwhelming and the other effects of using a dummy outweigh this fact. One major reason not to use one is that babies who suck on dummies tend to have an increased risk of ear infections, which in turn may bring on high fevers and the use of antibiotics (both of which have side effects of their own).

What do we do now that our baby has started to roll over onto her tummy?
Most SIDS cases occur when babies are under six months of age and generally babies who are placed on their back to sleep cannot roll onto their tummies until about five or six months of age, when most of the risk has passed. Try not to let your baby sleep on her tummy before six months of age. You could put your baby in a safe baby sleeping bag as these delay babies rolling over and keep them warmer. My research shows a cold baby will roll to their tummy to warm up as explained in Rylen’s case study. Click here to read Rylen’s case study.

Older babies who can turn over and move around the cot should be put on their backs to sleep and allowed to find their own sleeping position. The risk of SIDS in babies over six months is extremely low.

Remember to reduce the risk in other ways: make sure that baby is on a firm, well-fitting mattress and don’t tuck the bed covers in firmly if baby is on her tummy. Make sure her face and head remain uncovered during sleep and keep baby smoke-free. Make sure she has supervised tummy time when awake to strengthen her upper body muscles.

My grandmother says I should put a hat on my five-week-old baby to make him sleep better. What do you think?
I have heard this a few times and believe it to be a very dangerous old wives’ tale. You should most definitely not put a hat on your baby to help him sleep as this could cause your baby to overheat and will increase the risk of SIDS. If your baby is too hot and needs to cool down, he will need to be able to lose that heat through his head. You may put a hat on your baby if you are outdoors in cold weather, but take it off once inside.
Tips:

* Never tuck a sleeping bag in under the mattress because this will restrict your little one’s movement and is dangerous.
* The most important rules to remember to protect your little one from SIDS are to have a totally smoke-free pregnancy and environment for your baby, and always place a baby in the safe sleeping position on their back to sleep.

About the Author

Tizzie Hall teaches parents to identify issues affecting their baby’s sleep, to interpret their cries and deal with problems when they arise. For more information from the international baby whisperer, or for baby products, visit Baby Books.

Baby Toys Lead Paint Recall


13 Nov

baby toys lead paint recall

Lead Toxic Kids Your Children Could Be At Risk

Around the holidays as well as other times, toys are serious business. A recent discovery which found that lead contamination is widespread is causing parents and grandparents to panic. Some of the most trusted names in the toy industry have had to recall favorite toys that have been around for ages. Although lead has gotten all the press lately, other toxins found in toys and household products are sure to be next month’s topics.

December 2007′s issue of Consumer Reports concluded that lead can be found in a large variety of items used everyday. Dishware, jewelry, glue stick caps, vinyl backpacks, vinyl lunchboxes, children’s tea sets, vinyl mini blinds, brass keys, baby bibs, clothing, crayons, and chalk were among those products tested. A fairly safe hypothesis is that those items that are brightly colored and made overseas are likely to contain lead, as it is an inexpensive pigment. Other household items that are not normally associated with toys are made with lead because of its malleable and stabilizing qualities. These items, which include brass keys, are often given to young kids as entertainment, while parents are unaware that they contain surface lead. Any item that a young child handles often or puts in his or her mouth should be tested for lead. A shocking discovery found that inexpensive children’s jewelry imported from China contains as much as 90 percent lead. Waste in the environment and use of lead additives is a major contributor to contamination in the United States. The widespread use of battery-operated toys has made dumping and recycling of batteries a major concern. Because lead never deteriorates or disappears, the EPA believes that the primary source of lead exposure for most children is from deteriorating lead-based house paint, dust from this paint, and its residues in soil. Not only can lead be inhaled and ingested from paint residue, but it can also come from food and beverages. Drinking water has been shown to contain lead if lead solder or lead parts were used in the plumbing. Lead is unable to been tasted, seen, or smelled.

Lead poisoning in children has been found by the EPA to be a major environmental health problem in the US. Children who appear healthy can have extremely dangerous levels of lead in their bodies. Lead is dangerous because it is a neurotoxin causing damage to the brain and nervous system, leading to behavioral and learning problems, hyperactivity, slowed growth, hearing problems, and headaches. In adults, lead toxicity can lead to complications with pregnancy, fetal neurodevelopment abnormalities, male and female reproductive problems, high blood pressure, digestive and nerve disorders, and problems with memory and concentration. If you think that you child has been exposed to lead, you should have he or she tested immediately. The EPA recommends that all children be tested when they are at the age of one or two.

Pediatricians also suggest the children under the age of six be tested every year as young children are at the greatest risk from lead toxicity. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children who associate with other children who are lead toxic be tested each year, no matter there age. The AAP also recommends taking nutritional supplements of calcium and iron for toxic children as a way to prevent lead buildup and reduce body burden. Lead inhibits calcium and replaces it in the bones, therefore both calcium and iron can reduce the storage of lead in tissues. Increasing the amount of fresh fruits and vegetables consumed daily is also suggested, as they contain vitamin C, which helps to harness the lead and escort it out of the body. A multiple vitamin with C or an additional vitamin C supplement is also recommended by doctors as a preventative measure. Calcium, iron, multiple vitamins and vitamin C can all be found at your local or internet health food store.

About the Author

More information on
Kid’s
supplements is available at VitaNet, LLC Health Food Store. http://vitanetonline.com/

CPSIA- HANDMADE BABY BOOTIES ILLEGAL?! Selecta TOYS GONE- TULSA 12-26-08


Little Hands Love (A Tiny Handsies Touch and Feel Book)


Little Hands Love (A Tiny Handsies Touch and Feel Book)


$3.26


Beautiful color photographs show sweet tiny hands as they play with bright colorful balls, pick up flower petals, cuddle soft teddy bears, and more in this fun book. Babies will love to explore the large touch-and-feel areas with their own little hands!…

Fisher-Price Brilliant Basics Rock-a-Stack


Fisher-Price Brilliant Basics Rock-a-Stack


$6.48


Some things never go out of style. A rainbow of five rings fits over a cone with rocking base. Stacking toys help baby develop fine motor skills while encouraging cognitive abilities. Made of teethable material….

California Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention


03 Nov

Infant formula

History of formula

Early infant foods

Throughout history, mothers who could not (or chose not to) breastfeed their babies either employed the use of a wet nurse or, less frequently, prepared food for their babies, a process known as “dry nursing.” Baby food composition varied according to region and economic status. In Europe and America during the early 19th century, the prevalence of wet nursing began to decrease, while the practice of feeding babies mixtures based on animal milk rose in popularity.

Poster advertisement for Nestle’s Milk by Thophile Alexandre Steinlen, 1895

This trend was driven by cultural changes as well as increased sanitation measures, and it continued throughout the 19th and much of the 20th century, with a notable increase after Elijah Pratt invented and patented the India-rubber nipple in 1845. As early as 1846, scientists and nutritionists noted an increase in medical problems and infant mortality was associated with dry nursing. In an attempt to improve the quality of manufactured baby foods, in 1867, Justus von Liebig developed the world’s first commercial infant formula, Liebig’s Soluble Food for Babies. The success of this product quickly gave rise to competitors such as Mellin’s Infant Food, Ridge’s Food for Infants and Nestle’s Milk.

Raw milk formulas

As physicians became increasingly concerned about the quality of such foods, medical recommendations such as Thomas Morgan Rotch’s “percentage method” (published in 1890) began to be distributed, and gained widespread popularity by 1907. These complex formulas recommended that parents mix cow’s milk, water, cream, and sugar or honey in specific ratios to achieve the nutritional balance believed to approximate human milk reformulated in such a way as to accommodate the believed digestive capability of the infant.

At the dawn of the 20th century in the United States, most infants were breastfed, although many received some formula feeding as well. Home-made “percentage method” formulas were more commonly used than commercial formulas in both Europe and the United States. They were less expensive and were widely believed to be healthier. However, formula-fed babies exhibited more diet-associated medical problems, such as scurvy, rickets and bacterial infections than breastfed babies. By 1920, the incidence of scurvy and rickets in formula-fed babies had greatly decreased through the addition of orange juice and cod liver oil to home-made formulas. Bacterial infections associated with formula remained a problem more prevalent in the United States than in Europe, where milk was usually boiled prior to use in formulas.

Evaporated milk formulas

In the 1920s and 1930s, evaporated milk began to be widely commercially available at low prices, and several clinical studies suggested that babies fed evaporated milk formula thrive as well as breastfed babies (these findings are not supported by modern research.) These studies, accompanied by the affordable price of evaporated milk and the availability of the home icebox initiated a tremendous rise in the use of evaporated milk formulas. By the late 1930s, the use of evaporated milk formulas in the United States surpassed all commercial formulas, and by 1950 over half of all babies in the United States were reared on such formulas.

Commercial formulas

In parallel with the enormous shift (in industrialized nations) away from breastfeeding to home-made formulas, nutrition scientists continued to analyze human milk and attempt to make infant formulas that more closely matched its composition. Maltose and dextrins were believed nutritionally important, and in 1912, the Mead Johnson Company released a milk additive called Dextri-Maltose. This formula was made available to mothers only by physicians. In 1919, milkfats were replaced with a blend of animal and vegetable fats as part of the continued drive to closer simulate human milk. This formula was called SMA for “simulated milk adapted.”

In the late 1920s, Alfred Bosworth released Similac (for “similar to lactation”), and Mead Johnson released Sobee. Several other formulas were released over the next few decades, but commercial formulas did not begin to seriously compete with evaporated milk formulas until the 1950s. The reformulation and concentration of Similac in 1951, and the introduction (by Mead Johnson) of Enfamil in 1959 were accompanied by marketing campaigns that provided inexpensive formula to hospitals and pediatricians. By the early 1960s, commercial formulas were more commonly used than evaporated milk formulas, which all but vanished in the 1970s. By the early 1970s, over 75% of babies in the United States were fed on formulas, almost entirely commercially produced.

When birth rates in industrial nations tapered off during the 1960s, infant formula companies heightened marketing campaigns in non-industrialized countries. Unfortunately, poor sanitation led to steeply increased mortality rates among infants fed formula prepared with contaminated (drinking) water. Organized protests, the most famous of which was the Nestl boycott of 1977, called for an end to unethical marketing. This boycott is ongoing, as the current coordinators maintain that Nestl engages in marketing practices which violate the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes.

Store brand (generic) infant formulas

Store brand infant formula was first introduced in the United States in 1997 by PBM Products. All infant formula brands in the United States are required to adhere to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines.

The Mayo Clinic said, s with most consumer products, brand-name infant formulas cost more than generic brands. But that doesn’t mean that brand-name [Similac, Nestle, Enfamil] formulas are better. Although manufacturers may vary somewhat in their formula recipes, the FDA requires that all formulas contain the same nutrient density.21]

Private label infant formulas have allowed the leading food and drug retailers to provide formula to customers that is labeled under the store brands of companies such as Wal-Mart, Target, Kroger, Loblaws, and Walgreens.

Follow-on and toddler formulas

In the 1980s and 1990s, formula was introduced for older children, up to the age of 2 years, under such terms as “follow-on formula” and “toddler formula”. This was done partly because the market for infant formula (strictly speaking, up to age 6 months, when infants typically exclusively breastfeed) was saturated in developed countries, as discussed in industry, below, and in conjunction with regulations on infant formula advertising. Critics have argued that follow-on and toddler formulas were introduced partly to circumvent these regulations advertising for similarly packaged and branded follow-on formula is often interpreted as advertising for infant formula targeted at under 6 month-olds.

An early example of follow-on formula was introduced by Wyeth in the Philippines in 1987, following the introduction in this country of regulations on infant formula advertising, which regulations did not address follow-on formula, which did not exist at the time of their drafting.

Usage since 1970s

Since the early 1970s, industrial countries have witnessed a dramatic resurgence in breastfeeding among children from newborn to 6 months of age. However, this upswing in breastfeeding has been accompanied by a deferment in the average age of introduction of other foods (such as cow’s milk), resulting in increased use of both breastfeeding and infant formula between the ages of 312 months.

Leading health organizations (e.g. US CDC, WHO, US HHS) are attempting to increase the prevalence of breastfeeding through public awareness campaigns. The goals of these programs vary by organization, with recommended breastfeeding ages ranging between birth and 24 months. Additionally, regulatory initiatives also encourage breastfeeding. For example, the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes requires infant formula companies to preface their product information with statements that breastfeeding is the best way of feeding babies and that a substitute should only be used after consultation with health professionals.

Reasons to use infant formula

There are few medical reasons to use infant formula “The vast majority of mothers can and should breastfeed, just as the vast majority of infants can and should be breastfed,” and “Only under exceptional circumstances can a mother’s milk be considered unsuitable for her infant.” Alternatives to breast-feeding include:

expressed breast milk from an infant own mother,

breast milk from a healthy wet nurse,

breast milk from a human-milk bank,

as well as infant formula. Among these, the WHO states that “the choice of the best alternative … depends on individual circumstances.”

Reasons to not breastfeed or it is not possible to breastfeed include:

The mother’s health: The mother is infected with HIV or tuberculosis. She is malnourished or has had certain kinds of breast surgery. She is taking any kind of drug that could harm the baby, or drinks unsafe levels of alcohol. The mother is extremely ill.

The baby is unable to breastfeed: The child has a birth defect or inborn error of metabolism such as galactosemia that makes breastfeeding difficult or impossible.

a couple is practicing natural family plan: Breastfeeding acts as a natural contraception for the first 6 months after birth.

Absence of the mother: The child is adopted, orphaned, or in the sole custody of a man. The mother is separated from her child by being in prison or a mental hospital. The mother has left the child in the care of another person for an extended period of time, such as while traveling or working abroad. The mother has abandoned the child.

Financial pressures: Maternity leave is unpaid, insufficient, or lacking. The mother’s employment interferes with breastfeeding.

Societal structure: Breastfeeding is difficult or forbidden at the mother’s job, school, place of worship or while commuting.

Social discomfort: The mother may feel uncomfortable breastfeeding around other people.

Personal beliefs: The mother may choose to not breastfeed for varied personal reasons for instance, she may feel that breasts are too sexual for a baby.

Lack of training: The mother is not trained sufficiently to breastfeed without pain and to produce enough milk.

Dietary concerns: The contents of breastmilk are influenced by the dietary habits of the mother. If the mother consumes a food that contains an allergen breastfeeding may, for a brief period after consumption, provoke an allergic reaction in the infant.

Reasons to supplement by alternatives, in addition to breastfeeding, include:

Social structure or discomfort: The mother may be able to breastfeed at some hours, but not at others, for reasons cited above.

Lactation insufficiency: The mother is unable to produce sufficient milk, which affects around 2 to 5% of women.

Reasons to use infant formula specifically, as opposed to the alternatives of expressed milk, wet nurses, and milk banks, include:

Lack of education: The mother, her doctor, or family may believes that her breast milk is of low quality or in low supply, or that breastfeeding will decrease her energy, health, or attractiveness, and be unaware of other alternatives. Nursing by a relative or paid wet-nurse may be believed to be unhygienic.

Social pressures: Family members, such as mother’s husband or boyfriend, or friends or other members of society may encourage the use of infant formula.

Personal beliefs: The mother may choose to use formula for varied personal beliefs.

Lack of alternatives:

Lack of refrigeration: Expressed breast milk requires refrigeration if not immediately consumed, and sanitary preparation conditions this latter requirement is shared with infant formula.

Lack of wet nurses: Wet nursing is illegal and stigmatized in some countries, and may not be available. It may also be socially unsupported or expensive, and safe use of wet nurses requires health screening of the nurses.

Lack of milk banks: Human-milk banks may not be available; relatively few exist, and they require screening and refrigeration.

Nutritional content

Infant formula is nutritionally inferior to breast milk, and superior to other substitutes such as animal milk. Besides breast milk, infant formula is the only other milk product which the medical community considers nutritionally acceptable for infants under the age of one year note that solid food is nutritionally acceptable in addition to breast milk or formula during weaning.

Although cow’s milk is the basis of almost all infant formula, plain cow’s milk is unsuited for infants because of its high protein and electrolyte (salt) content which may put a strain on an infant’s immature kidneys, and untreated cow’s milk is not recommended before the age of 12 months. The infant intestine is not properly equipped to digest non-human milk and this may often result in diarrhea, intestinal bleeding and malnutrition[citation needed]. To reduce the negative effect on the infants digestive system, cows milk used for formula undergoes processing in order to be made into infant formula. This includes steps in order to make protein more easily digestible and alter the whey-to-casein protein balance to a ratio closer to human milk, the addition of several essential ingredients (often called “fortification”, see below), the partial or total replacement of dairy fat with fats of vegetable or marine origin, etc.

Most of the world’s supply of infant formula is produced in the United States[citation needed]. The nutrient content of infant formula for sale in the United States is regulated by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) based on recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. The following must be included in all formulas produced in the U.S.:

Protein

Fat

Linoleic acid

Vitamins: A, C, D, E, K, thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), B6, B12

Niacin

Folic acid

Pantothenic acid

Calcium

Metals: magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper

Phosphorus

Iodine

Sodium chloride

Potassium chloride

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are an important source of energy for growing infants as it accounts for 35 to 42% of their daily energy intake. In most cow’s based formulas, lactose is the main source of carbohydrates present. But lactose is not present in cow’s milk-based lactose-free formulas nor specialized non-milk protein formulas or hydrolyzed protein formulas for infants with milk protein sensitivity. Lactose is also not present in soy-based formulas. Therefore, those formulas without lactose will use other sources of carbohydrates like sucrose and glucose, natural and modified starches, monosacchardies and indigestible carbohydrates. Lactose is not only a good course of energy, it also aids in the absorption of various minerals like magnesium, calcium, zinc and iron.

Nucleotides

Nucleotides are compounds found naturally in human breast milk. They are involved in many different critical metabolic processes in the body like energy metabolism and enzymatic reactions. Also, as the building blocks of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) they are essential for normal body functions. Compared to human breast milk, cow’s milk has lower levels of nucleotides like uridine, inosine, and cytidine. Therefore, several companies that produce infant formula have added nucleotides to their infant formulas.

Other Ingredients

Emulsifiers and stabilizers

Emulsifiers and stabilizers are raw materials that are added to prevent the separation of the oil and water-soluble component in the infant formula. Some commonly used emulsifiers include mono, di-glycerides, and gums.

Diluent

The ingredient helps create the liquid bulkiness in infant formula. Skim milk is commonly used as the primary diluent in milk-based formulation. In contrast, purified water is the most commonly used diluent in milk-free formulations.

In addition, formulas not made with cow’s milk must include biotin, choline, and inositol.

Hypoallergenic formulas reduce the likelihood of certain medical complications in babies with specific health problems. Baby formula can be synthesized from raw amino acids. This kind of formula is sometimes referred to as elemental infant formula or as medical food because of its specialized nature. While quite expensive, such formula is hypoallergenic and is sometimes used for babies with severe allergies to cow’s milk and soy. Some commercial brands are Neocate and Peptamen. Being purely synthetic monomeric amino acids, it is also quite foul-tasting to adults, and it is not uncommon for infants to reject elemental formulas after having been established on a sweeter tasting, non-elemental formula.

Variations

Infant formula is available in powder, liquid concentrate and ready-to-feed forms.

Recently the market has been segmented by age into:

infant formula, up to 6 months,

follow-on formula, from 6 months to 12 months,

toddler formula, from 12 months on.

These categories and formulations may overlap, and there is substantial consumer confusion about these categories.

These all provide inferior nutrition to breast milk, nor are they recommended by health authorities as a supplement to breast milk[citation needed] recommendations are to breastfeed exclusively for 6 months, then to continue to breast feed to 12 or 24 months (depending on authority), supplementing with solid food and eventually weaning. Cow’s milk should not be introduced before 12 months follow-on formula is superior to cow’s milk for 6 to 12 month olds, but inferior to breast milk.

These were introduced and developed partly to address the saturation of the infant formula market (up to 6 months) in developed countries, as discussed in industry, below, and partly due to regulations on infant formula, which often did not cover milk substitutes for children older than 6 months; an early example is Wyeth’s introduction of follow-on formula in the Philippines in 1987, following introduction of regulations on infant formula marketing. They have also result in confusing advertising in the United Kingdom infant formula advertising is illegal, but follow-on formula advertising is legal, and the similar packaging and market results in follow-on advertisements frequently being interpreted as adverts for formula.

Preparation

Infant formula should be prepared by the caregiver or parent in small batches and fed to the infant, usually with either a cup, as recommended by the WHO, or a baby bottle.

It is very important to measure powders or concentrates accurately to achieve the intended final product, otherwise the child will be malnourished. It is advisable that all equipment that comes into contact with the infant formula be cleaned and sterilized before each use. Proper refrigeration is essential for any infant formula which is prepared in advance.

In developing countries, formula is frequently prepared improperly, resulting in high infant mortality due to malnutrition and diseases such as diarrhea and pneumonia. This is due to lack of clean water, lack of sterile conditions, lack of refrigeration, illiteracy (so written instructions cannot be followed), poverty (diluting formula so that it lasts longer), and lack of education of mothers by formula distributors. These problems and resulting disease and death are a key factor in opposition to the marketing and distribution of infant formula in developing countries by numerous NGOs these groups do not consider infant formula appropriate technology for developing countries.

Controversy and science

The use and marketing of infant formula has come under scrutiny; as discussed at breastfeeding, breast milk is considered the “ideal food” for babies, and the “ideal addition” to other foods, and exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months of a baby’s life is advocated by health authorities and accordingly by infant formula manufactures.

Use

Despite the recommendation that babies be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months of life, the overwhelming majority of American babies are not exclusively breastfed for this period in 2005 under 12% of babies were breastfed exclusively for the first 6 months, with over 60% of babies of 2 months of age being fed formula, and approximately one in four breastfed infant having infant formula feeding within two days of birth.

Ethnicity

According to a research conducted in Vancouver, Canada, 1998, at birth, 82.9 % of mothers breastfeed their babies, but this number differs between Caucasians(91.6%) and Non-Caucasians(56.8%).

Nutritional value

The WHO considers infant formula that is safely prepared and formulated in accord with the Codex Alimentarius a nutritionally adequate and safe complementary food.

Toxins

Infant formula contains significantly higher levels of manganese than breast milk 80 times as much in soy-derived, and 30 times as much in animal milk-derived. This level of manganese and its presence in infant formula has been implicated in learning disabilities such as ADHD.

Health effects

Use of infant formula is cited in numerous health risks. Studies have found infants in developed countries who consume formula are at increased risk for acute otitis media, non-specific gastroenteritis, severe lower respiratory tract infections, atopic dermatitis, asthma, obesity, type 1 and 2 diabetes, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), eczema, necrotizing enterocolitis and autism when compared to infants who are breastfed.

Although some early studies have found an association between infant formula and lower cognitive development, other studies have found no correlation. However recently more questions have arisen. It has been discovered that iron supplementation in baby formula is linked to lowered I.Q. and other neurodevelopmental delays.

Melamine contamination

Main article: 2008 Chinese milk scandal

On November 25, 2008, an Associated Press article entitled, “FDA finds traces of melamine in US infant formula,” explains infant formula made by the main three firms has tested positive for melamine contamination. These three main firms are responsible for 90% of infant formula in the US, “Abbott Laboratories, Nestle and Mead Johnson.”

The MSDS for Melamine (CAS NO 108-78-1; C3-H6-N6) records the acute oral toxicity (LD50) at 3161 mg/kg (3161 ppm) for a rat. The highest levels previously reported in China reached approximately 2500 ppm. The article mentioned above indicated that the US testing found 10,000 times less than the China levels or 0.25 ppm.

Health Canada conducted a separate test and also detected traces of melamine in infant formula available in Canada. The melamine levels were well below Health Canada’s safety limits, although some public health advocates are critical of the industry and regulators for allowing any residues of a potentially dangerous substance in food for infants.

Health officials have been on alert for the chemical since the discovery this year of a massive case of melamine poisoning in China, where milk was deliberately adulterated with the chemical, leading to illnesses in more than 50,000 children, including cases of acute kidney failure. In China, large quantities of melamine were deliberately added to watered-down milk to give it the appearance of having adequate protein levels.

Other controversies

In 1985 Syntex was ordered to pay $27 million for the death of two infants who were given the Syntex baby formula, called Neo-mull-soy, when they were infants. In 1978, Syntex had eliminated salt from the formula.

Risks decreased

Some risks are cited as being decreased when using alternatives to breastfeeding by the mother generally, or by using formula specifically.

Decreased by alternative to breastfeeding by the mother

Infectious diseases transmitted from the breastfeeder

The main risk posed by the mother’s milk specifically is the transmission of infectious diseases such as HIV. In some cases these can be mitigated by using heat-treated milk and nursing for a briefer time (6 months, rather than 1824 months), and can be avoid by using an uninfected woman’s milk, as via a wet-nurse or milk bank, or by using formula, or treated animal milk.

HIV infection

Breastfeeding by an HIV-infected mother poses a 520% chance of transmitting HIV to the baby, assuming

CMV infection, with potentially dangerous consequences in pre-term babies

HTLV-1 infection

HTLV-2 infection

Tuberculosis in the context of tuberculosis mastitis

Herpes simplex when lesions are present on the breasts

Chickenpox in the newborn, when the disease manifested in the mother within a few days of birth

Risks decreased by formula-feeding specifically

Some risks are present in all breast milk, and are only mitigated by the use of infant formula.

Environmental contaminants

Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)

Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls

Malnutrition

While in general breast milk is the “ideal food” for babies, in certain circumstances or respects infants may be at risk for malnutrition.

Iron deficiency

Vitamin deficiencies

Particularly vitamin D in babies at high latitudes who lack sun exposure

Inadequate nutrition during transition to solid foods

Balancing risks

Weighing the risks, health authorities generally on balance judge breastfeeding the healthiest, least risky option, as follows:

In cases where the mother has an infectious diseases such as HIV, exclusive breastfeeding is suggested until alternatives that satisfy the AFASS (Acceptable Feasible Affordable Sustainable and Safe) principles are available; such alternatives include breast milk from other women, infant formula, and treated animal milk. In developing countries, risks from other sources of infant mortality such as diarrhea, particularly due to unclean water and lack of sterile conditions both prerequisites to the safe use of formula often outweigh risks from breastfeeding.

The risks from pollution are not seen to outweigh the benefits of breastfeeding, and “adverse effects on learning and behavior are strongly associated with fetal exposure to persistent pollutants, not with breast milk exposure”.

The WHO finds that neurological benefits of breast milk remain, regardless of the dioxin exposure from milk, and other researchers conclude that the benefits of breastfeeding outweigh the danger posed by these toxins.

Industry

This section requires expansion.

Manufacturers

The US infant formula industry is highly concentrated: it is an oligopoly with 3 companies accounting for 99% of the market in 2000:

Mead Johnson: 52%, owned by Bristol-Myers Squibb, makes Enfamil, Pregestimil, Nutramigen, and Nutramigen AA

Abbott Laboratories: 35%, Ross division makes Similac, Isomil, Alimentum, and EleCare

Nestl: 12%, the largest producer of formula in the world, makes Good Start; owns Gerber Products Company

Other infant formula manufacturers include:

Danone recently acquired Royal Numico, Dumex, Milupa

Earth’s Best owned by Hain Celestial

Natures One – privately held Ohio based company producing mostly organic formula for toddlers

Nutricia – maker of Neocate

Wyeth Nutrition: Market leader in the Philippines

S-26 Gold, Promil Gold, Progress Gold, S-26, Promil, Promil Kid, Bonna, Bonamil, Bonakid 1+, Bonakid 3+, Nursoy, Parent’s Choice/Bright Beginnings

Market size

This section requires expansion.

Infant formula is the largest segment of the baby food market, with the fraction given as between 40% and 70%.

The global infant formula market is estimated at $7.9 billion. North America and Western Europe are 33% of the market and saturated, while Asia is 53% of the market. South East Asia is a particularly large fraction of the world market relative to its population.

Government subsidies

United States

In the United States, infant formula is heavily subsidized by the government: at least one third of the US market is supported by the government, with over half of infant formula in the US provided through WIC WIC is the US food aid program, not a medical program, which is Medicaid. Breastfeeding rates are substantially lower for WIC recipients; this is partly attributed to formula being free of charge to WIC mothers, and partly to WIC recipients being poor and uneducated, hence less likely to breastfeed. Further, some promotional materials use the WIC trademark, in violation of federal policy. Infant formula costs are a significant fraction of WIC costs: 21% post-rebate, and 46% pre-rebate. Formula manufacturers are granted a WIC monopoly in individual states only one brand of formula will be eligible for WIC.

WIC also pays for milk banks.

Marketing

This section requires expansion.

Marketing of infant formula and the regulation thereof varies between countries.

The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes is a statement of principles regarding infant formula marketing, including strict restrictions on advertising. Its implementation depends on the laws of different countries and the behavior of infant formula manufacturers the code has no power itself. Legislation and corporate behavior vary significantly between countries: in some countries the code is implemented in law and followed by formula manufacturers, while in others it is not.

Practices that are banned in the code include most advertising, claiming health benefits for formula, and giving free samples to women able to breastfeed this latter practice is particularly criticized because it can interfere with lactation, creating dependence on formula.

Free samples of infant formula have been provided to hospitals since the 1930s, which practice has been criticized continuously since then; further, infant formula is the only product routinely provided free of charge to hospitals.

United States

In the United States, infant formula is heavily marketed both in advertising to mothers and doctors and via free samples in violation of the principles in the code, which has not been adopted or implemented by manufacturers in the US for US marketing.

In surveys, over 70% of large hospitals dispense infant formula to all infants, which is opposed by the AAP and in violation of the code.

The American Academy of Pediatrics opposes marketing of infant formula directly to the public.

The Gerber Products Company began marketing Gerber Baby Formula directly to the public in October 1989, while the Carnation Company began marketing Good Start infant formula directly to the public in January 1991.

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, infant formula advertising has been illegal since 1995, but advertising for follow-on formula is legal, which has been cited as a loophole allowing advertising of similarly-packaged formula, and is confusing to mothers.

By country

This section requires expansion.

Philippines

Infant formula is a major product in the Philippines it is one of the top three consumer commodities, and among the most imported products.

Infant formula marketing has been regulated since the 1987 Executive Order 51 or “Milk Code”. This regulated but did not ban practices such as advertising and providing free samples. Shortly after it was enacted, Wyeth introduced follow-on formula, which was not in the purview of the Milk Code, follow-on formula not having existed at the time of the writing of the Milk Code.

In 2006, the Department of Health banned the advertising of infant formula and the practice of providing free samples, regardless of intended age group (in regulation RIRR), which regulation was challenged by the infant formula industry in the Supreme Court. Initially the challenge was dismissed, but this decision was immediately reversed, following a letter by American business leader Thomas Donahue, then President and CEO of the United States Chamber of Commerce, resulting in the regulation being suspended and advertising continuing.

In the Philippines annual sales amount to some US$469 million annually. US$88 million is spent on advertising the product.

Canada

Vitamin D deficiency is a health concern in Canada. Infant formulas marketed in Canada are fortified with Vitamin D. Health Canada recommends that breastfed infants also receive extra vitamin D in the form of a supplement. With the exception of vitamin D, vitamin and mineral supplementation of breastfed term infants in the first 6 months is not recommended unless a mother is a vegan. Infant formulas marketed in Canada have not been tested for the presence of phthalates, a chemical used in the production of plastics, though concerns have been raised by Great Britain. Unlike other countries (e.g. New Zealand, UK) who have banned the general use of soy-based infant formula, it is still allowed in Canada. It is estimated that 20% of infants in Canada are fed soy beased infant formula and thus exposed to levels of phytoestrogen up to 22000 times higher than those normally found in breast milk, which gives the potential to damage a baby’s thyroid.

Infant Formula Processing

History of Infant Formula Development

Dates

Events

1867

Formula contains wheat flour, cow milk, malt flour, and potassium bicarbonate

1915

Powder form of infant formula was introduced. Formula contained cow milk, lactose, oleo oils, and vegetable oils

1929

Soy formula was introduced

1935

Protein was introduced into the infant formula. Protein was added because it was believed that cow-milk protein content was lower than human-milk protein content. 3.34.0 g/100 kcal of proteins were added.

1959

Iron fortification was introduced because a large amount of iron (~80%) will be used to expand the red blood cell mass in a growing infant. Infants with birth weights between 1500 and 2500g require 2 mg/kg of iron per day. Infants with weights of less than 1500g require 4 mg/kg per day.

1962

Whey : Casein ratio was made similar to human milk because producers were aware that human milk contain a higher content of whey protein and cow milk contain a higher content of casein.

1984

Taurine fortification introduced because new born infants lack the enzymes needed to convert and form taurine.

Late 1990

Nucleotide fortification was introduced into infant formula because nucleotide can act as growth factors and may enhance the immune system in infant body.

Early 2000

Polyunsaturated fatty-acid fortification was introduced. Polyunsaturated fatty-acids, such as Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Arachidonic acid (ARA), were added because those fatty-acids play an important role in infant brain development.

Current general procedure for infant formula processing

The manufacturing process may differ for different types of formula made; therefore the following is the general procedure for liquid-milk based formulas:

Mixing ingredients

Primary ingredients are blended in large stainless steel tanks and skim milk is added and adjusted to 60C.Then, fats, oils and emulsifiers are added next. Additional heating and mixing may be required to get proper consistency. Next, minerals, vitamins, stabilizing gums are added at various points depending on their sensitivity to heat. This batch is temporarily stored and then transported by pipelines to pasteurization equipment when mixing is complete.

Pasteurization

This is a process that protects against spoilage by eliminating bacteria, yeasts and molds. It involves quickly heating and then cooling of the product under controlled conditions which micro-organisms cannot survive. The batch is held at around 85-94C for approximately 30 seconds which is necessary to adequately reduce micro-organisms and prepare the formula for filling.

Homogenization

This is a process which increases emulsion uniformity and stability by reducing size of fat and oil particles in the formula. It is done with a variety of mixing equipment that applies shear to the product and this mixing breaks fat and oil particles into very small droplets.

Standardization

Standardization is used to ensure that the key parameters like pH, fat concentration and vitamins and mineral content are correct. If insufficient levels of these are found, the batch is reworked to achieve appropriate levels. After this step, the batch is ready to be packaged.

Packaging

Packaging depends on manufacturer and type of equipment used but in general liquid formula filled into metal cans w/ lids crimped into place.

Heat Treatment/Sterilization

Finally, infant formulas are heat treated to maintain the bacteriologic quality of the product. This can be done traditionally by either retort sterilization or high-temperature short-time (HTST) treatment. Recently Ultrahigh-temperature treated formula has become more commonly used. If powdered formula is made, then an additional spray drying would be required after this. Retort sterilization is a traditional retort sterilization method that uses 10-15mins treatment at 118C. Ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) is a method that uses a brief (23 seconds) treatment at 142C. Because of the short time used, there is little protein denaturation but still ensures sterility of the final product.

Recent and future potential new ingredients

Probiotics

Recently, probiotics have become a new ingredient in many of our foods and studies have been completed regarding the use of probiotics in infant formula Several randomized controlled trials completed recently have shown limited and short term clinical benefits for the use of probiotics in infants diet The safety of probiotics in general and in infants, especially preterm infants, has been investigated in a limited number of controlled trials. The findings this far suggests that probiotics are generally safe. Therefore, the study suggested that more scientific research is necessary before a conclusion can be made about probiotic supplementation in infant formula since the research is still quite preliminary.

Prebiotics

Prebiotics are nondigestable carbohydrates that promote the growth of probiotic bacteria in the gut. Human milk contains a variety of oligosaccharides that are believed to be an important factor in the pattern of microflora colonization of breastfed infants. Because of variety, variability, complexity and polymorphism of the oligosaccharide composition and structure, it is currently not feasible to reproduce the oligosaccharide components of human milk in a strictly structural fashion.

The European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition found evidence to support short term effects of ingesting prebiotics on stool microflora of infants with increased in the number of bifidobacteria. Babies can be at risk of dehydration with the induction of softer stools, if they have the kidney immaturity and/or a poor ability to concentrate urine. A reduction of pathogens has been associated with the consumption of prebiotics. However, there was no evidence to support major clinical or long-term benefits. Therefore, there is little evidence in favor of beneficial effects of prebiotics in dietary products.

Lysozyme and Lactoferrin

Lysozyme is an enzyme that is responsible for protecting the body by damaging bacterial cell walls. Lactoferrin is a globular, multifunctional protein that has antimicrobial activity. Comparing with human milk, cow milk has a signifactly lower levels of lysozyme and lactoferrin; therefore, the industry has an increasing interest in adding them into infant formulas.

See also

Child development

Baby food

Baby bottle

Breastfeeding

Breast milk

References

^ http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/InfantFormula/ucm056524.htm

^ http://www.journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/ysiny/article/PIIS1084275696800170/abstract

^ http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10935&page=41

^ a b c d e f Fomon, Samuel J. (2001). “Infant Feeding in the 20th Century: Formula and Beikost”. San Diego, CA: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Iowa. http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/131/2/409S#FN1. Retrieved 2006-09-16. 

^ a b c Ryan, Alan (April 4, 1997). “The Resurgence of Breastfeeding in the United States”. Pediatrics (American Academy of Pediatrics) 99 (4): e12. doi:10.1542/peds.99.4.e12. PMID 9099787. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/99/4/e12. Retrieved 2008-05-24. 

^ a b c d e f g h Secretariat, World Health Organization (24 November 2001). “Infant and Young Child Nutrition: Global strategy for infant and young child feeding” (PDF). World Health Organization. WHO Executive Board 109th Session provisional agenda item 3.8 (EB109/12). http://www.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB109/eeb10912.pdf. 

^ Hoffman J (2003-08-07). “Hot Milk: The unbottled truth about formula”. Today’s Parent. http://www.todaysparent.com/baby/breastfeeding/article.jsp?content=20030807_101250_216. 

^ Prentice A (December 1996). “Constituents of human milk”. Food and Nutrition Bulletin (United Nations University) 17 (4). http://www.unu.edu/unupress/food/8F174e/8F174E04.htm. 

^ a b c d e f g h i Schuman A (2003-02-01). A concise history of infant formula (twists and turns included). Contemporary Pediatric. http://www.contemporarypediatrics.com/contpeds/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=111702. Retrieved 2006-09-16. 

^ a b Olver, Lynne (2004). “Food Timeline history notes: baby food”. http://www.foodtimeline.org/foodbaby.html. Retrieved 2006-09-16. 

^ a b Spaulding, Mary; Penny Welch (1994). Nurturing Yesterday’s Child: A Portrayal of the Drake Collection of Paediatric History. B C Decker Inc. ISBN 0-920474-91-8. http://www.amazon.com/Nurturing-Yesterdays-Child-Mary-Spaulding/dp/0920474918. 

^ Hale, Sarah Josepha (1852). The Ladies’ New Book of Cookery: A Practical System for Private Families in Town and Country.. New York: H. Long & Brother. pp. 437. http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_19.cfm. 

^ Committee on the Evaluation of the Addition of Ingredients New to Infant Formula (2004). Infant Formula: Evaluating the Safety of New Ingredients. The National Academies Press. http://newton.nap.edu/books/0309091500/html/R1.html. Retrieved 2006-09-16. 

^ “The history of the feeding bottle”. http://www.babybottle-museum.co.uk/teats through the ages.htm. Retrieved 2006-09-16. 

^ Simon, Johann Franz (1846). Animal chemistry: with reference to the physiology and pathology of man. Lea and Blanchard. OCLC 5884760. 

^ Levenstein, Harvey (1988). Revolution at the Table: The Transformation of the American Diet. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-520-23439-1. http://www.amazon.com/Revolution-Table-Transformation-American-California/dp/0520234391. 

^ Levenstein, Harvey (June 1983). “”Best for Babies” or “Preventable Infanticide”? The Controversy over Artificial Feeding of Infants in America, 1880-1920″. Journal of American History 70 (1): 7594. doi:10.2307/1890522. http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-8723(198306)70:1<75:”FBO”I>2.0.CO;2-F&origin=historycoop. Retrieved 2006-09-16. 

^ a b Friedenwald, Julius; John Ruhrah (1910). Diet in Health and Disease. New York: W.B. Saunders Co.. http://hearth.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=hearth;idno=4388698. 

^ Marriott, William McKim; Schoenthal, L. (1929). “An experimental study of the use of unsweetened evaporated milk for the preparation of infant feeding formulas”. Archives of Pediatrics 46: 135148. 

^ Solomon, Stephen (1981). “The Controversy Over Infant Formula”. The New York Times: pp. 8. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D06E2D61738F935A35751C1A967948260&sec=health&spon=&pagewanted=5. Retrieved 2008-08-11. 

^ Mayo Clinic, November 2007

^ a b c d [The Philippine Milk Code: A timeline http://www.pcij.org/blog/?p=1789]

^ “Promotion & Support of Breastfeeding and Obesity Prevention”. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. May 22, 2007. http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/promotion/index.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-24. 

^ United States Department of Health and Human Services (June 4, 2006). “Public Service Campaign to Promote Breastfeeding Awareness Launched”. Press release. http://www.hhs.gov/news/press/2004pres/20040604.html. Retrieved 2008-05-22. 

^ “Promoting proper feeding for infants and young children”. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/infantfeeding/en/index.html. Retrieved 2008-05-24. 

^ a b c “Breastfeeding Frequently Asked Questions”. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. May 22, 2007. http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/faq/index.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-24. 

^ International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes. World Health Organization. 1981. ISBN 9789241541602. http://www.who.int/bookorders/anglais/detart1.jsp?sesslan=1&codlan=1&codcol=15&codcch=94. 

^ Emphasis added.

^ a b c “When should a mother avoid breastfeeding?”. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2006-08-26. http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/disease/contraindicators.htm. Retrieved 2007-02-25. 

^ http://www.womens-health.co.uk/breast.asp

^

^ “Breast-feeding and Guilt: Interview with a Mayo Clinic Specialist”

^ Guardian Unlimited: Not your mother’s milk

^ a b c d e f g h i Blachford, Ed. Cengage, G. aby Formula, eNotes.com, November 03, 2009

^ a b Schmidl, M.K., Labuza, T.P. (2000).”Infant formula and Medical Foods. In Essential of Functional Foods”. Aspen Publishers. p. 137-164. Google Book Search. Retrieved on November 7, 2009.

^ GEA Processing Engineering Inc.”Production of Powdered Baby Food”, 1992

^ a b c Legal loophole allows banned formula advertising to mothers

^ Discussed in detail at Nestl boycott and references thereof.

^ Nestl FAQ Should all mothers be encouraged to breastfeed exclusively for the first 6 months?

^ Infant Feeding Practices Study II > Results

^ Breastfeeding Among U.S. Children Born 19992005, CDC National Immunization Survey

^ Williams, PL; Innis, SM; Vogel, AM;, (1998), Breastfeeding and weaning practices in Vancouver http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8870300

^ a b Environmental Working Group Mother’s Milk Mother’s Milk: Sidebar: Breast Milk Is Still Best

^ Collipp PJ. Manganese in infant formula and learning disability. Ann Nutr Metab 27:488-494. 1983.

^ Van Scoy, H. Soy-based formulas may be linked to ADHD: elevated levels of manganese the suspected culprit. Health Scout News Reporter. October 8, 2002.

^ a b Breastfeeding and Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes in Developed Countries. Tufts-New England Medical Center Evidence-Based Practice Center. April 2007. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=hstat1b.chapter.106732. Retrieved 2008-05-22. 

^ Riordan JM (1997). “The cost of not breastfeeding: a commentary”. J Hum Lact 13 (2): 937. doi:10.1177/089033449701300202. PMID 9233193. 

^ Sadauskaite-Kuehne V, Ludvigsson J, Padaiga Z, Jasinskiene E, Samuelsson U (2004). “Longer breastfeeding is an independent protective factor against development of type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood”. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 20 (2): 1507. doi:10.1002/dmrr.425. PMID 15037991. 

^ Pratt HF (1984). “Breastfeeding and eczema”. Early Hum. Dev. 9 (3): 28390. doi:10.1016/0378-3782(84)90039-2. PMID 6734490. 

^ McCann JC, Ames BN (2005). “Is docosahexaenoic acid, an n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, required for development of normal brain function? An overview of evidence from cognitive and behavioral tests in humans and animals”. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 82 (2): 28195. PMID 16087970. 

^ Kerr, Martha; Dsire Lie (2008). “Neurodevelopmental Delays Associated With Iron-Fortified Formula for Healthy Infants”. Medscape Psychiatry and Mental Health. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/574363. Retrieved 2008-08-04. 

^ (dead link)

^ FDA Finds Traces Of Melamine In US Infant Formula, by Martha Mendoza and Justin Pritchard, November 25, 2008, Huffington Post

^ a b (The Globe and Mail Article), registration required

^ “$27 Million for 2 Victims”. Chicago Tribune. March 1, 1985. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/25099431.html?dids=25099431:25099431&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Mar+01,+1985&author=Charles+Mount&pub=Chicago+Tribune+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=$27+MILLION+FOR+2+VICTIMS+OF+BABY+FORMULA&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2009-04-23. “were given the baby formula, called Neo-mull-soy, when they were infants … In 1978, Syntex eliminated salt from the formula, a move that Hayes said caused …” 

^ a b Infant Feeding Options in the Context of HIV

^ a b c Lawrence RM, Lawrence RA (2004). “Breast milk and infection”. Clin Perinatol 31 (3): 50128. doi:10.1016/j.clp.2004.03.019. PMID 15325535. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S009551080400020X. 

^ a b c d e Lamounier JA, Moulin ZS, Xavier CC (2004). “[Recommendations for breastfeeding during maternal infections"] (in Portuguese). J Pediatr (Rio J) 80 (5 Suppl): S1818. PMID 15583769. http://www.jped.com.br/conteudo/04-80-S181/ing.asp. 

^ WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, UNAIDS. HIV transmission through breastfeeding: A review of available evidence. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004.

^ Schleiss MR (2006). “Acquisition of human cytomegalovirus infection in infants via breast milk: natural immunization or cause for concern?”. Rev. Med. Virol. 16 (2): 7382. doi:10.1002/rmv.484. PMID 16287195. 

^ Przyrembel H, Heinrich-Hirsch B, Vieth B (2000). “Exposition to and health effects of residues in human milk.”. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 478: 30725. doi:10.1007/0-306-46830-1_27. PMID 11065082. 

^ Mamiro PS, Kolsteren P, Roberfroid D, Tatala S, Opsomer AS, Van Camp JH (2005). “Feeding practices and factors contributing to wasting, stunting, and iron-deficiency anaemia among 3-23-month old children in Kilosa district, rural Tanzania.”. J Health Popul Nutr 23 (3): 22230. PMID 16262018. 

^ Healthy Milk, Healthy Baby Chemical Pollution and Mother’s Milk Chemicals: Dioxins and Furans

^ a b Rogan, W.J., et al. Should the Presence of Carcinogens in Breast Milk Discourage Breast Feeding?, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 1991; 13: p. 228-240. cited in NRDC

^ Brouwer, A., et al. Report of the WHO Working Group on the Assessment of Health Risks for Human Infants from Exposure to PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs, Chemosphere 1998; 37(9-12): p. 1627-1643. cited in NDRC

^ a b c d e f Sharing the Economic Burden: Who Pays for WIC Infant Formula?, USDA

^ a b c d Ingredients for the World Infant Formula Market, UBIC consulting

^ a b Google Answers: Infant Formula Sales/Market/Statistics

^ a b c A Growing Boost for Baby Formula, by Markos Kaminis, BusinessWeek, January 11, 2005

^ a b Breastfeeding: Some Strategies Used to Market Infant Formula May Discourage Breastfeeding; State Contracts Should Better Protect against Misuse of WIC Name, GAO

^ Indiana Mother’s Milk Bank to Open Third Location

^ Banking on Breastmilk

^ Counseling the nursing mother, By Judith Lauwers, Anna Swisher, p. 597

^ a b c Periodic Survey of Fellows: Survey shows most AAP members support formula advertising policy, AAP

^ Statutory Instrument 1995 No. 77: The Infant Formula and Follow-on Formula Regulations 1995

^ a b Milk wars in the Philippines: Breastmilk versus Infant Formula, and links thereof

^ Letter by Thomas Donahue

^ Breast or bottle: The final showdown

^ Cher S Jimenez, “Spilled corporate milk in the Philippines”, Asia Times Online, 25 July 2007, retr 22Dec 2008

^ a b http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/pubs/infant-nourrisson/nut_infant_nourrisson_term_3-eng.php

^ Canadian Health Coalition(1999), Health Canada exposing babies to serious risks, http://www.healthcoalition.ca/soy-babies.html

^ a b c d e f g h i j Institute of Medicine (U.S.) (2004). Defining Safety for Infants. In nfant Formula: Evaluating the Safety of New Ingredients,The National Academic Press. p. 22-42., Retrieved on November 15, 2009.

^ American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Nutrition. (1999). Iron fortification of infant formulas. Pediatrics, 104(1), 119-123.

^ Heird, W.C. (2004). Taurine in neonatal nutrition – revisited. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 89, 473-474.}}

^ a b c Lonnerdal, B. and Hernell, O. (1998). Effects of feeding ultrahigh-temperature (UHT)-treated infant formula with different protein concentrations or powdered formula, as compared with breast-feeding, on plasma amino acids, hematology, and trace element status. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 68, 350-6.

^ a b c d e f Carvalho, R.S., Michail, S., Ashai-Khan, F., Mezoff, A.G. (2008). An Update on Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition: A Review of Some Recent Advances. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care, 204-228.

^ a b c International Assosication of Infant Food Manufacturers,rebiotics in Infant Nutrition, November 09, 2009

External links

Isadora B. Stehlin. “Infant Formula: Second Best but Good Enough”. Archived from the original on 2007-12-26. http://web.archive.org/web/20071226072202/http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/596_baby.html. 

Baby Formula Feed

FDA 101: Infant Formula

“Breast-feeding and Guilt: Interview with a Mayo Clinic Specialist”

Infant and Toddler Nutrition

Breastfeeding VS Formula Feeding

Categories: Infant feeding | Milk | Dairy products | Soy products | Bristol-Myers Squibb | Breast milkHidden categories: Articles to be merged from November 2009 | All articles to be merged | Articles needing more viewpoints | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from February 2010 | Articles with unsourced statements from June 2009 | Articles to be expanded from June 2009 | All articles to be expanded
About the Author

I am a professional editor from
China Product
, and my work is to promote a free online trade platform.
http://www.himfr.com/ contain a great deal of information about

spy microphones
,
uhf wireless microphones

welcome to visit!

Childhood Lead Poisoning in California

Lead Paint Recalled Toys


15 Oct

lead paint recalled toys

Product Recall Statistics: An FAQ For Manufacturers

Manufacturers of consumer products selling into the U.S. market are aware of the potentially dangerous and costly consequences when their products contain a major design flaw or manufacturing defect. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) Web site indicates that there is indeed reason for caution on the part of all manufacturers: deaths, injuries, and property damage from consumer product-related incidents cost the U.S. more than $700 billion each year.

The CPSC’s “November 2007 Recalls and Product Safety News” report indicates a wide range of recent recalls that were enacted in order to protect consumers from potential dangers ranging from lead-based paint in toys to collapsing furniture.

Here is an FAQ for those manufacturers who are currently considering a product recall or who operate in industries that face a high degree of risk of product recall-related incidents.

FAQ #1: Which types of consumer products are experiencing highest incidence of recalls?

A: According to an analysis of the “November 2007 Recalls and Product Safety News” report available on the CPSC Web site, 36% of recalls in that month involved baby goods or toys. Following close behind were products in the following categories: jewelry/costume jewelry (13%), electronics/electrical products (13%), furniture (9%), and machines/vehicles (6%). Other product categories represented among the multiple recall campaigns mediated by the CPSC in November include clothing, decorations, outdoor/sporting goods, school supplies, paper goods, storage racks and tools.

FAQ #2: What are the most prevalent potential dangers related to recent recalls?

A: The recalls in the aforementioned November report were implemented in order to avoid a number of potential public and consumer health hazards as indicated by the CPSC. By far the most prevalent potential hazard among recent recalls was that of the presence of lead in the recalled products (47%). Other potential hazards include the risk of fire (19%), collapse/bodily injury (11%), choking (6%), lacerations/cuts (6%), strangulation/suffocation (6%), and electric shock (4%).

FAQ #3: What events typically lead up to a product recall?

A: A product recall can come about in two primary ways. The first is the result of multiple consumer-originated complaints to the CPSC or other government organizations about the same product. (Such complaints can be directed by consumers directly to the CPSC Web site). The second is when proactive or cautious manufacturers or distributors of a given product suspect a defect or flaw and decide to error on the side of caution by instituting their own recall campaign. Either way, the CPSC ultimately gets involved with all consumer product recalls – provided that the product in question is one of the 15,000 product types that falls under the CPSC’s domain.

FAQ #4: How should my company determine whether we should issue a recall?

A: The determination as to whether your firm should issue a product recall should depend upon a number of factors, both internal and external to your company. Often, multiple dimensions are to be taken into account when considering whether to issue a campaign. Legal, financial, ethical, technical and political factors are all involved. If you are facing a potential product recall situation and would like to find out more, visit the Business section of the CPSC Web site for information about regulations and industry guidance.

FAQ #5: What are the options available to me to get the message out to consumers and distributors in the event of a recall?

A: The very nature of most product recall situations is one of urgency. Companies have a number of options available to them in getting the word out to affected parties, including direct mail, press releases, e-mail and telephone-based campaigns. The fastest-to-implement media for conducting recalls messaging campaigns are telephone and e-mail-based campaigns. However, telephone-based campaigns are likely the most realistic to implement, given that the typical company’s customer database often lacks e-mail addresses for many consumers, while telephone number data is readily available for most or all consumers.

Facing a product recall situation is something that every manufacturer or distributor would like to avoid. However, given that most consumer product categories are potentially at risk for a recall – and given the public health dangers at stake – the decision to implement a campaign is often the least-costly and most ethical choice. If your company is facing a recall situation, it is important to make quick, accurate judgments about whom to contact and how to determine the content of the recall message that consumers will hear. From that point forward, choose a medium for your messaging campaign based upon the following factors: time-to-launch, chances of reaching the highest percentage of affected consumers, operational flexibility, and cost.

Source: U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Web Site

About the Author

Need to get the word out within the next 24 hours about a product recall? Contact Paul Langhorst, COO of GroupCast, to launch a comprehensive, secure, customizable phone campaign that enables you to contact up to 500,000 consumers or distributors per hour at:
ProductRecallPartner

Attack of the Recalled Toys

Childhood Lead Poisoning


29 Sep

childhood lead poisoning
Op-Ed: Poisoned by paint
A study commissioned by New Jersey’s public advocate estimated that reducing blood lead levels in children under 6 could save $27 billion in social costs.
Childhood Lead Poisoning: A Historical Perspective


Human Intelligence and Medical Illness: Assessing the Flynn Effect (The Springer Series on Human Exceptionality)


Human Intelligence and Medical Illness: Assessing the Flynn Effect (The Springer Series on Human Exceptionality)


$129.00


There’s little doubt that people are growing smarter. This effect is so strong that IQ tests must be renormed periodically to prevent classifying an overabundance of people as geniuses. The question is why is this collective rise in IQ – known as the Flynn effect -occurring? Possible theories to explain the Flynn effect have ranged from better parenting to faster evolution.Bringing a bold new voic…

Using GIS to Assess and Direct Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention


Using GIS to Assess and Direct Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention



These guidelines were prepared to help new lead epidemiologists quickly learn how to use geographic information systems (GIS) mapping technology to assess and direct childhood lead poisoning elimination efforts. Eliminating elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) >10 micrograms per deciliter (?g/ dL) or higher among young children is a Healthy People 2010 goal. The Centers for Disease Control and Preven…

Lead Paint Baby Toys


27 Sep

lead paint baby toys

Start A Toy Business For The Weekend Woodworker

Because of the almost daily recall of many cheap plastic foreign-made toys due to lead paint and other hazardous materials, parents are looking for suitable substitutes. Why not use your skills as a woodworker to make safe and superior alternatives? There are many parents who are desperately looking for exactly the type of toys you, the weekend woodworker, can provide. First we will look at some of the toys you can make and then offer some suggestions on how to market and sell them.

What type of toys should you make? To help answer this, you might start by considering your likely customers. What do they want and what do they need? Many parents try to select toys that are not only fun but educational as well. There are many types of toys you can make that fit both of these criteria. You will also want to take into consideration the fact you need to be able to make these quickly and easily if you want to make a profit.

Some toys you might decide to make could include letters and numbers. These never go out of style and it is often difficult to find safe, well made examples. You could offer them as a set of numbers 1 through 10, or the 26 letters of the alphabet. You might decide to make a bucket of letters and numbers together or a bucket of letters with enough duplicates of certain letters to spell common words like mom, dad, baby, etc.

You might also consider making puzzle type toys where uniquely shaped pieces fit into matching openings cut into a wooden board. You could paint these with stencils and non-toxic paint or just leave them plain. You are only limited by your imagination. All of the toys mentioned so far can be made with a band saw, various sanders and hand tools. You will want to experiment with different woods to find what you like best, and do not forget you will need to sand every piece smooth since tender little hands will use them.

One of the secrets to successfully marketing your toys will be how you intend to package them. The easiest way will probably be to prepare a small 8 ½” by 5 ½” card on your printer that you can insert in your shrink-wrapped package. You will want to include on the card the fact the item is made in the U.S. from quality, safe, non-toxic materials.

Instead of focusing on the features, all marketing should show the buyer what benefits they will enjoy from owning your product. List all the benefits you can think of and rate them from most important to least. Take the most important and use these to plan your sales pitch. Some places you should try to sell your products are toy stores, bookstores, department stores, gift shops, local specialty stores, and even online at E-Bay or your own website. You should also include a card your buyers can return to receive word of other products you offer or will offer in the future.

Making and selling wooden toys can be an enjoyable way to exercise your woodworking skills and make some money at the same time. With so many toys being recalled because of safety and toxicity concerns, this could be the perfect way to live your dream of earning money from your favorite hobby.

About the Author

Aldar Nagy is the author of The Business Startup Resource, which offers new business profiles, ideas, advice, and other resources to help you when you are starting your own business. The Business Startup Resource can be found at: http://www.businessstartupresource.com Check back often, new business profiles are being added all the time.

CPSIA- OH BABY! BIBS & BICYCLES on TEST HIT LIST- KDVR Fox 31 Denver 01-02-09


Fisher-Price Brilliant Basics Rock-a-Stack


Fisher-Price Brilliant Basics Rock-a-Stack


$6.48


For generations babies have delighted in this classic stacking toy. Consisting of five bright candy-colored rings in graduated sizes looped over an 8-inch-tall plastic post, the Rock-A-Stack helps babies develop coordination as they learn to stack the easy-to-grasp rings in the proper order. Little ones will have the time of their lives sorting, stacking, and tasting to see if the rings really tas…

Fisher-Price Little People Animal Sounds Farm


Fisher-Price Little People Animal Sounds Farm


$33.00


With fun animal sounds all around and plenty to do, little ones will discover what a busy place the farm can be. “Neigh” says the horse,”baaa” answers the sheep, “cluck!” chirps the chicken, “moo” … says the cow, “oink!” … squeals the pig. They’ll even discover what some of the animals feel like, when they pet the “cottony” cow, “hairy” horse, “woolly” sheep, and the “squiggly” piggly tail! Fr…

Lead Paint Infant


08 Sep

lead paint infant
I am terribly confused now about who to vote for?

McCain vigorously defends the Chinese peoples’ right to put poison chemicals in milk, saying this is the way a free economy works. Obama criticizes them harshly for this – but Obama is very supportive of the Chinese people putting lead paint on toys for children because he says it allows them to operate more inexpensively, which allows them to create more jobs; but McCain says this shamelessly endangers kids’ wellbeing. Who is right? Is it better to poison infants or tykes and toddlers?

Obama says its better to create American jobs, not chinese jobs. Get it right, get it tight!

Product Liability Types | Rasansky Law Firm


Lead paint danger to pre-schoolers in Houston, Texas


Lead paint danger to pre-schoolers in Houston, Texas




Fisher-Price Brilliant Basics Rock-a-Stack


Fisher-Price Brilliant Basics Rock-a-Stack


$6.48


Some things never go out of style. A rainbow of five rings fits over a cone with rocking base. Stacking toys help baby develop fine motor skills while encouraging cognitive abilities. Made of teethable material….

Lead Paint In Houses


22 Aug

lead paint in houses
Lead Paint in the House?

Hi

i am planning on buying a house and had a lead inspection done.
The house was built around 1969 and have a lead concentration of .11% wt.

I was wondering if it is really bad.

thanks

It’s not good, but lead paint is only really an issue when it comes to redecorating. Normally you would sand/abrade the painted surface which would create fine dust particles which is potentially very hazardous to health. If you want to safely remove the paint you would need to use something like an infared heat gun like the I-Strip paint remover which is expensive.

If you go for it, don’t take any risks with your health. I’ve known of painters who’ve got lead poisoning and it’s not nice.

Painter and decorator

Lead Bullets Contaminate Environment.AVI


Pro-Lab AS108 Asbestos Do It Yourself Test Kit


Pro-Lab AS108 Asbestos Do It Yourself Test Kit


$6.44


Professional Asbestos Test Kit, Safe, Easy To Use, Laboratory Test Identifies Asbestos Fibers To As Little As 1% Content By Weight and Is More Sensitive Than EPA Guidelines, Utilizes Polarized Light Microscopy, Proficiency Results Within 2 Weeks, NVLAP and EPA Approved, $30 Lab Analysis Fee Required For Standard Lab Results, Contains 1 Sample Collection Bags, Gloves, Pre-Paid Postage Envelope, Inf…

First Alert LT1 Premium Lead Test Kit


First Alert LT1 Premium Lead Test Kit


$7.98


This complete test kit can be used to easily check for poisonous lead on any surface including: toys, dishes, paint, dust, mini-blinds, food cans, plumbing, water, and other items. The kit can be used in your house to test up to four separate surfaces for lead content and provides immediate results. 1) Wipe the toy clean 2) Dip the enclosed cotton swab into the solution provided 3) Rub i…

Lead Paint Jewelry


13 Aug

lead paint jewelry

India accounts are perfect for jewelry making

India has a great diversity and abundance of the source of the boat. It is one of the most world's largest manufacturer of handmade products, still India is a country on the basis of the work, and still the Indians produced a signature of your responsible.

In the field of jewelry in India has its own unique class. His drawings are beautiful and classic. Pearls are an essential element of the jewelry market in India and are admired worldwide.

Indian produces a variety of grains such as glass beads, wooden beads, clay beads, beads, horn beads, metal beads, pottery, Lake accounts and more. glass beads are very popular because of their transparent nature and clear that shines with all kinds of accessories. India hand accounts is one of the pearls worldwide demand. The majestic handwork of skilled craftsman in India has become very popular these accounts in many places. Lac accounts are usually made hand and are admired by people around the world for its handmade exclusively.

Glass beads represent the largest pearl market in India and are available in a variety of colors, patterns and shapes. Indian accounts that are exported to all countries where they are cheaper and have done great. Logs are also available in abundance, wooden beads carved and painted wooden beads are the two main rivers in the wood is treated to accounts. Although ceramic accounts are not so great market accounts glass or wood, but has great potential. glossy accounts ceramics makes them very attractive.

The main idea behind to the propagation of the pearl of the Indian market size is the fact that each buyer (If a merchant or a large employer) can satisfy their needs through the market Pearl of India. Normally involved in wholesale beads maintain a variety of accounts under the same roof which makes it easy for the buyer.

About the Author

Find some of the most unique and rarest beads from India at Bead ‘n Shop.

Fake “Sterling” ebay jewelry


American Terminal AT-31604 60-40 Rosin Core Solder (4 Ounces)


American Terminal AT-31604 60-40 Rosin Core Solder (4 Ounces)


$3.94


ALPHA FRY ELECTRICAL REPAIR SOLDER *60% tin / 40% lead solder with rosin flux core *4 oz *.062″ dia. *Melting point: 374 deg F *For wires, motors, radio, TV, VCR and stero repairs…

Weller WEL8200PK 120-Volt 140/100 Watts Universal Soldering Gun Kit


Weller WEL8200PK 120-Volt 140/100 Watts Universal Soldering Gun Kit


$28.95


Kit includes: 8200 Dual heat soldering gun, 1 standard tip, 1 smoothing tip, 1cutting tip, flux brush, soldering aid tool, anda coil of 60/40 rosin-core solder. Packed in a rugged plastic case. Soldering hints booklet included….

Lead Poisoning Baby


05 Aug

lead poisoning baby

The Dangerous Effects Of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless and odorless gas produced by the incomplete burning of material containing carbon. You can’t see it, smell it or taste it but carbon monoxide can cause serious illness or death. It has been referred to many times as the “silent killer” and is the leading cause of accidental poisoning deaths in America. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that CO poisoning claims nearly 500 lives, and causes more than 15,000 visits to hospital emergency departments every year in the U.S.

To be sure, this odorless, tasteless and colorless gas is ruthless. Your exposure to CO would quickly result in one or more symptoms including headache, nausea and fatigue. The deadly gas goes undetected in a home without a proper CO detector, and if the people exposed to it do not know of its existence in their environment a proper diagnosis is problematic. Further, CO poisoning can be notoriously difficult to diagnose because the symptoms mimic those of other conditions, notably the flu. Children, pregnant women, babies and individuals with heart conditions are at most risk but CO poisoning can affect anyone. Prolonged exposure can lead to brain damage and ultimately death.

Sources of CO

Some sources of carbon monoxide include gas water heaters, kerosene space heaters, charcoal grills, propane heaters and stoves, gasoline- and diesel-powered generators, cigarette smoke, propane-fueled forklifts, gas-powered concrete saws, indoor races or tractor pulls, boat engines, spray paint, solvents, degreasers and paint removers. Although CO results from when any material burns, more is produced when there is insufficient oxygen for fully efficient combustion. And, yes, cigarette smoke, including the second-hand variety, contains CO, although in an insufficient concentration to do immediate damage. Given enough time, of course, even small amounts of CO can build to dangerous levels in the bloodstream.

The danger comes from improperly vented appliances and machinery such as those listed above, especially ones that run for extended periods of time near human habitation. Such continuous exposure can lead to flu-like symptoms, as noted previously, but would keep escalating into more severe headaches, fatigue, dizziness and nausea. As toxic levels are approached, a victim may experience mental confusion, severe irritability, impaired judgment, memory loss and lack of coordination.

Treatment and prevention

The fastest and most effective way to begin treating the effects of CO poisoning is to relocate affected people (and pets) to open, fresh air away from the source of the gas immediately. At an emergency room, someone suffering from acute CO poisoning will be given pure oxygen to breathe, which speeds up the excretion of the gas from the blood. More serious cases may require a special treatment known as Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT). This therapy can significantly improve the chances of survival and reduce the risk of further damage to the body. HBOT elevates the amount of oxygen in the body to about ten times normal levels by placing the victim inside a hyperbaric (higher than atmospheric pressure) chamber. Most of the developed world’s hospitals are now equipped with this lifesaving technology.

The best way for you and your loved ones to avoid the “silent killer” is to be educated on how and why CO poisoning occurs. Also, if you live in an environment that includes any of the CO sources mentioned above, you should take the appropriate action to repair any leaks or malfunctions in them. Of course, installing CO detectors in your home and place of business, and maintaining them with fresh batteries, is a powerful preventative step, as well. If you do not think ahead and follow a thorough anti-CO strategy, you are most definitely putting yourself, your family, your friends and neighbors, and your employees at great risk.

About the Author

Robert P. Schuster, P.C., has achieved its reputation as a law firm by winning big cases—in jury trials and in settlements. He has a national reputation for success in representing his clients in cases including carbon monoxide poisoning, business torts, intellectual property, commercial litigation and brain injury.

Safe Baby Bottles


Kids Healthworks Presents Baby's First Year Vol. 1:  Pregnancy and Preparing for Baby (Home Use)


Kids Healthworks Presents Baby’s First Year Vol. 1: Pregnancy and Preparing for Baby (Home Use)


$24.99


Offering the BEST in Parenting – Kids Healthworks presents: Baby’s First Year is an exciting, informative DVD series that provides information for each stage in the first critical year of your child’s life. Advice from renowned pediatric specialists, real-life stories from parents, plus helpful fun-facts and insights that help you grow with your child. This series was co-produced with Informatio…

Household Lead Test Kit


Household Lead Test Kit


$24.50


Even today some children’s toys and game pieces are being made with lead containing materials. It has long been known that lead is toxic and can cause serious health problems especially in children. Excessive amounts of lead in the bloodstream can cause neurological damage, loss of I.Q. points and even brain damage. Some toys contain wood, plastic and metal parts each of which may be contaminated …

Lead Poison

Lead Poison Information